ASTM E1282-98
(Guide)Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analysis Methods for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analysis Methods for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for specifying compositional requirements and identifying appropriate sampling and quantitative analysis methodologies to be referenced in product specification standards for metals and alloys. It is not intended to replace or conflict with either individual product specifications or standards covering methods, practices, and definitions for the chemical analysis of broad classifications of products such as Methods, Practices and Terminology A751.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 1282 – 98
Standard Guide for
Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting
Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analysis Methods for
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 1061 Practice for Coducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
1.1 This guide covers procedures for specifying composi-
tional requirements and identifying appropriate sampling and
3. Significance and Use
quantitative analysis methodologies to be referenced in product
3.1 This guide is intended to assist those writing or revising
specification standards for metals, ores, and related materials.
compositional specification, sampling practice, and analysis
It is not intended to replace or conflict with either individual
method standards for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ores, and
product specifications or standards covering broad classifica-
related materials. It is directed toward those areas which must
tions of products such as Test Methods A 751.
be addressed to properly coordinate compositional specifica-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion, sampling practice, and analytical method standards. Its
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
use will help ensure that compositional requirements are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
clearly defined and that sampling practices and analytical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
methods are available to meet product specifications.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 This guide does not attempt to define which elements
2. Referenced Documents should be controlled, where samples should be taken, or how
they should be analyzed. These items are addressed in stan-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dards such as Specification A 276, Methods, Practices and
A 276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
Terminology A 751, Test Method E 34, Practice E 255, Test
Bars and Shapes
Method E 342, and Test Methods E 350.
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
4 3.3 A primary purpose for ASTM sampling practices and
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
analytical method standards is to provide widely-accepted and
E 34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and
5 tested methodology for use in meeting ASTM product speci-
Aluminum-Base Alloys
fications. Although it is recognized that individual laboratories
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
5 are free to use other methods, the availability of ASTM
Metals, Ores, and Related Material
approved methodology is essential for referee purposes and to
E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
5 demonstrate that properly equipped laboratories can make the
Determination of Chemical Composition
required measurements.
E 342 Test Method for Chromium Oxide in Chrome Ores
3.4 Sampling practices and analysis methods to be recom-
E 350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
mended for use in testing a given product are most easily
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
selected cooperatively by the specification-writing and the
Wrought Iron
methods-writing committees which have jurisdiction for the
product. When existing sampling or analysis standards do not
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-1 on Analytical
meet the needs of the new product specification standard, the
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
specification-writing committee should request that the
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices and Measurement Traceability.
methods-writing committee develop the required standards.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published July 1998. Originally
e1
ASTM Committee E-1 is responsible for methods and practices
published as E 1282 – 89. Last previous edition E 1282–89 (1994) .
The documents referenced in this guide were selected only as examples of the
covering the sampling and analysis of most metals, ores, and
types of standards used to specify the composition and define sampling and analysis
related materials.
methodology. Numerous other documents from Vols 01.01 through 03.06 of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards apply as well.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
5 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1282
4. Procedure 4.2.3 If compositional requirements differ among various
applications for a given alloy, it may be necessary to specify
4.1 List those elements which either positively or negatively
composition by application within a grade, or to create a
influence the product’s processing, properties, or performance.
separate grade for those applications.
Do not list elements for which no justification exists for
4.2.4 Refer to Table 1 as an example of a possible format for
exercising compositional control or for which no methods of
presenting compositional specifications.
analysis exist. Nonessential compositional specifications in-
4.3 Identify standard sampling practices that can be used at
crease testing costs with no benefit to producer or consumer.
each processing step or for each product form for which
4.2 Establish the compositional requirements for each ele-
compositional requirements are identified as described below
ment identified in 4.1 as a concentration range, a maximum or
(see Note 2).
a minimum. Where possible, it is desirable to express concen-
trations in weight percent, however, other concentration units,
NOTE 2—For additional information on a recommended practice de-
signed for the steel industry, consult the literature.
such as parts per million, may also be used. Always list the
element in the stoichiometric form in which the composition is
4.3.1 Ensure that each selected sampling practice can be
to be reported. For example, depending on the material,
carried out without unacceptably interrupting production, in-
calcium might be specified and reported as Ca, CaCO ,or
terfering with product quality, or risking the health or safety of
CaO. Occasionally, it may be necessary to specify that the sum
employees.
of a limited number of specific element concentrations must
4.3.2 Ensure that the selected sampling hardware and prac-
not exceed some maximum value or must remain above some
tices are reliable. For example, in heat analysis sampling,
minimum value. Make sure that measurement uncertainties,
ensure that the ratio of successful (solid, non-porous, com-
particularly at the lower quantitation limits, do not contribute
pletely filled mold) to unsuccessful samplings is acceptable.
significantly to calculated sums.
Also, provision should be made for resampling when needed.
4.2.1 Nonspecific phrases such as balance or remainder
4.3.3 Ensure that the concentration of each element to be
may be listed for informational purposes only, but must have
determined in the sample is representative of the bulk material.
an accompanying footnote statin
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