ASTM C1100-88(1998)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ribbon Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials (Withdrawn 2005)
Standard Test Method for Ribbon Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials (Withdrawn 2005)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the relative resistance of fired fireclay and high alumina refractories to thermal shock conditions resulting from specified heating and cooling cycles. The equipment specified is based on test units currently in use at several industrial laboratories.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the procedure for determining the relative resistance of fired fireclay and high alumina refractories to thermal shock conditions resulting from specified heating and cooling cycles. The equipment specified is based on test units currently in use at several industrial laboratories.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C08 on Refractories, this test method was withdrawn in May 2005 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 1100–88(Reapproved1998)
Standard Test Method for
Ribbon Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
the relative resistance of fired fireclay and high alumina
refractories to thermal shock conditions resulting from speci-
fied heating and cooling cycles. The equipment specified is
based on test units currently in use at several industrial
laboratories.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
FIG. 1 Diagram Showing a Cross Section View of the Basic
for information purposes only.
Components of the Ribbon Test Furnace
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Burner—Asegmented line burner (gas), with five 12 in.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(0.305 m) connected sections is suggested. Burners of 300 000
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to 900 000 BTU/h capacity are in use. Both center and end-fed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
burners are in use. Consideration should be given to the
2. Referenced Documents
end-to-end temperature variation and control (610°F
(65.5°C)) of whichever burner system is used. A typical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
burner system is shown in Fig. 3.An ignition device is needed
C 885 Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory
to initiate firing for each of the heating cycles.Asafety device
Shapes by Sonic Resistance
is needed to shut off the gas in case of flame-out or other
3. Significance and Use
unexpected shutdown.
4.3 Temperature Measurement—Sample hot face tempera-
3.1 The measurement or assessment of thermal shock dam-
ture should be measured at the center and each end of the
age of refractory materials is an important consideration in
sample setting. The capability is needed to insert a protected
refractory selection for process vessels and furnaces.
(alumina (Al O ) tube) thermocouple horizontally through the
3.2 This test method allows for a quantitative assessment of
2 3
frame into a cut hot face slot in dummy brick positioned across
thermal shock damage based on either destructive or nonde-
the burner at each of the desired measurement sites. The
structive test methods, or both.
thermocouple bead should be positioned in the center (hottest
4. Apparatus
zone) of the flame, within the groove in the dummy brick.
During testing, a sharply defined flame should actually contact
4.1 Burner Frame—Sheet metal and angle iron provide
support for the line burner, protective liner brick, and test the hot face surface of the test brick (original face) creating a
“redhot’’centralbandapproximately2in.(50mm)wide.Cold
samples. A cross section view of the unit is shown in Fig. 1.
The unit is approximately 15 in. (0.38 m) wide, 69 in. (1.75 m) face thermocouples can be used if desired, to monitor the
temperature gradient. An appropriate temperature-measuring
long, and 25 in. (0.64 m) high. Provision should be made to
easily adjust the vertical burner-to-sample (hot face) distance, or recording device, or both, should be attached to properly
monitor the test conditions.
if needed. Wheels can be attached to the frame to permit easy
relocation of the unit. Fig. 2 shows the material and dimension 4.4 Gas/Air Flow System—The basic components for gas/
air flow control, with the line burner, are shown in Fig. 3.
details needed for constructing the burner frame.
Valves are needed to turn gas on and off at specified times
during the cyclic operation.Agas regulator is used to maintain
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
Stress Resistance.
Current edition approved July 29, 1988. Published September 1988. Barna, G., “Ruggedness Evaluation of the Ribbon Test,’’ Report to ASTM
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. Subcommittee C08.02 (based on RRC test data), March 1982.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1100
procedure,describedintheliterature ,usingultrasonicvelocity
measurements, can provide calculated modulus of elasticity
values. Modulus of rupture measurements can also be used for
sample evaluation, providing another quantitative means of
ranking the relative thermal shock resistance of fireclay and
high alumina refractories.
4.6 Sample Preparation—Adiamond saw should be used to
obtain the appropriate sample geometry.
4.7 Dryer—Any samples that become wet during cutting,
storage, or shipment, or combination thereof, should be dried
overnight at 230°F (110°C), prior to thermal shock testing.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Five samples of each of any brand or product type
should be tested to permit generation of a representative
average value. The sample size is discussed in this section.
5.2 Samples of various size and orientation have been used
in various laboratories.The sizes have included 9 in. (228 mm)
straights, splits, soaps, quarter brick, and bars, tester either flat,
or on edge in cases where the thickness and width differ. The
9 in. (228 mm) sample length is maintained in all cases, but
different widths and thicknesses have been used. To properly
compare the thermal shock performance of different brands or
producttypes,thesamplesshouldallbeofthesamesize,tested
in the same orientation and after the same cycling comparison,
they should be exposed together in the same test. The hot face
to cold face sample thickness is very important, as it (thermal
FIG. 2 Multiple (Top, Side, and End) Views Showing the Material
gradient) controls the amount of damage the samples will
and Dimension Details for a Ribbon Furnace Frame
incur.Asamplewithgreaterhotfacetocoldfacethicknesswill
show more damage than a thinner sample, with equal hot face
exposure area. Materials that are more susceptible to thermal
shock damage are more significantly affected by changes in the
sample thickness. Asingle sample size cannot be specified for
evaluating all products, but general guidelines are presented to
permit selection of the sample configuration that is appropriate
for most comparative test purposes (see Fig. 4). It should be
rememberedthatinordertocomparetherelativethermalshock
resistance of two or more types of refractories, the same
samplesizeandorientationmustbeused.Formaterialsofpoor
thermal shock resistance (60 %Al O , or less) thinner samples
2 3
shouldbeused.Thesuggestedsamplesizeisaquarterbrickcut
1 1
from a 9 in. (228 mm) by 2 ⁄2 in. (64 mm) by 1 ⁄2in. (38 mm)
FIG. 3 Schematic of Ribbon Test Furnace Combustion
cut from a 9 in. (228 mm) straight, to be tested flat (2 ⁄2 in. (64
Components
mm) hot face width. The cutting of samples from a 9 in. (228
mm) straight is shown in Fig. 5. Two samples can be taken
uniform flow. Blowers of from 75 to 150 ft /min (2.1 to 4.2
from each brick, one of which can be used for modulus of
m /min) capacity are in use. The blower operates continuously
rupture testing.
during the heating and cooling cycles of the test. If desired,
5.3 Wherever possible, a reference or material of known
automated cycling operation of this test can be provided.
performance should be included in the test.
4.5 Sample Evaluation Equipment—Degradation of
samples, due to thermal shock exposure can be quantified by
Semler, C. E., “Nondestructive Ultrasonic Evaluation of Refractories,’’ Inter-
measured property changes (before and after test). The pre-
3 ceram, Vol 5, pp. 485–488, 1981.
ferred, most statistically valid evaluat
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.