ASTM A327/A327M-11(2017)

Standard Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons

ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for the details of impact testing apparatus, test specimens, and procedures for cast iron, including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with white iron skins. The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for testing gray and white irons. The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and white irons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine. The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form, machined or ground to a smooth finish and shall conform to the specified values of diameter, length, and span. The standard notch Charpy bar impact test specimen shall be employed. Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast iron should be based upon testing three specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details of apparatus, test specimens, and procedures for cast iron, including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with white iron skins.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2017
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.21 - Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A327/A327M − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Testing of Cast Irons
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA327/A327M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope TEST METHOD A – ROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPE
IMPACT TEST FOR GRAY AND WHITE IRONS
1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details
3. Scope
of apparatus, test specimens, and procedures for cast iron,
including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron,
3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for
and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or
testing gray and white irons.
rolls with white iron skins.
4. Apparatus
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and white
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
irons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
with a capacity of at least 150 J [110 ft · lbf] as used for the
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
simple beam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
5. Test Specimens
formance with the standard.
5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machinedorgroundtoasmoothfinishandshallconformtothe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
following dimensions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Type A Type M
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Diameter 28.572 ± 0.050 mm 20.00±0.03mm
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
[1.125 ± 0.002 in.] [0.787 ± 0.001 in.]
Length 200 ± 13 mm 120±2mm
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
[8.0 ± 0.5 in.] [4.73 ± 0.08 in.]
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Span 152.0 ± 0.7 mm 100.0 ± 0.5 mm
[6.00 ± 0.03 in.] [3.937 ± 0.020 in.]
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6. Procedure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.1 Testthebarsonthespansindicatedinthetabulardataof
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1. In all other respects, the test shall conform to the
appropriate requirements of Test Methods E23.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 Make the test at room temperature.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast
A327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons
3 iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.
(Metric) (Withdrawn 2011)
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me- NOTE 1—Care should be taken to examine broken specimens for
indication of anvil interference, which will give erroneous results.
tallic Materials
7. Report
7.1 The results shall be reported as ____J [ft · lbf] cast iron
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA04onIron
Charpy impact with ____ mm [in.] diameter bar.
Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
TEST METHODB–STANDARD CHARPY-TYPE
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A327/A327M – 11.
IMPACT TEST FOR MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE
DOI: 10.1520/A0327_A0327M-11R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
IRONS
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 8. Scope
the ASTM website.
8.1 EitherthestandardnotchedorunnotchedCharpyimpact
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A327/A327M − 11 (2017)
Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specific 10.2 Standard machines may be modified by using a more
material to be evaluated as defined in Section 9. sensitive scale, or pendulum machines of a lower capacity may
be used where values of less than 34 J [25 ft · lbf] will be
8.2 Both types of Charpy bars have been designated to
obtained.
characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched
Charpy bar, when tested, will produce substantially higher
11. Test Specimens
energy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched bar is
therefore specified for testing irons that have low fracture
11.1 Except for pipe, the test specimen shall have the shape
toughness characteristics.
and dimensions as shown in Fig. 1 for notch Charpy bars and
Fig. 3 for unnotched Charpy bars. Bars must have a smooth
9. Charpy Test Bar Type
machined or ground surface finish. The notched area of
9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type speci-
notch-type bars shall be free of any burrs or machining marks
mens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe-type products) shall be
that could adversely influence test values.
employed. Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.
11.2 In the case of malleable or ductile irons that are to be
9.2 The unnotched Charpy type specimen in Fig. 3 shall be
tested after heat treatment, such as austempered ductile i
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A327/A327M − 11 A327/A327M − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Testing of Cast Irons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A327/A327M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details of apparatus, test specimens, and procedures for cast iron, including
gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with white
iron skins.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons (Metric) (Withdrawn 2011)
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
TEST METHOD A—ROUND A – ROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPE IMPACT TEST FOR GRAY AND WHITE IRONS
3. Scope
3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for testing gray and white irons.
3. Scope
3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for testing gray and white irons.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and white irons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine with
a capacity of at least 150 J [110 ft · lbf] as used for the simple beam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form, machined or ground to a smooth finish and shall conform to the
following dimensions:
Type A Type M
Diameter 28.572 ± 0.050 mm 20.00 ± 0.03 mm
[1.125 ± 0.002 in.] [0.787 ± 0.001 in.]
Length 200 ± 13 mm 120 ± 2 mm
[8.0 ± 0.5 in.] [4.73 ± 0.08 in.]
Span 152.0 ± 0.7 mm 100.0 ± 0.5 mm
[6.00 ± 0.03 in.] [3.937 ± 0.020 in.]
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011Oct. 1, 2017. Published December 2011October 2017. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
as A327 – 91 (2006).A327/A327M – 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0327_A0327M-11.10.1520/A0327_A0327M-11R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A327/A327M − 11 (2017)
6. Procedure
6.1 Test the bars on the spans indicated in the tabular data of 5.15.1. In all other respects, the test shall conform to the
appropriate requirements of Test Methods E23.
6.2 Make the test at room temperature.
6.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.
NOTE 1—Care should be taken to examine broken specimens for indication of anvil interference, which will give erroneous results.
7. Report
7.1 The results shall be reported as ____J [ft · lbf] cast iron Charpy impact with ____ mm [in.] diameter bar.
TEST METHOD B—STANDARD B – STANDARD CHARPY-TYPE IMPACT TEST FOR MALLEABLE AND
DUCTILE IRONS
8. Scope
8.1 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.
Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specific material to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.
8.2 Both types of charpy bars have been designated to characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched Charpy bar,
when tested, will produce substantially higher energy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched bar is therefore specified for
testing irons that have low fracture toughness characteristics.
8. Scope
8.1 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.
Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specific material to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.
8.2 Both types of Charpy bars have been designated to characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched Charpy bar,
when tested, will produce substantially higher energy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched bar is therefore specified for
testing irons that have low fracture toughness characteristics.
9. Charpy Test Bar Type
9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type specimens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe type pipe-type products) shall be
employed. Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.
9.2 The unnotched charpyCharpy type specimen in Fig. 3 shall be employed for testing of all grades of austempered ductile iron.
These irons are tested after the austempering heat treatment.
9.3 The unnotched charpyCharpy test specimen may be specified for other types of irons or irons that have been he
...