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ASTM D2397/D2397M-19

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt

Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the seven grades of cationic emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction. The asphalt shall be homogeneous after thorough mixing provided separation has not been caused by freezing and shall conform to the requirements set for viscosity, storage stability, demulsibility, coating ability and water resistance, particle charge, and distillation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of cationic emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2019
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.41 - Emulsified Asphalt Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2397/D2397M-17 - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Replaced By
ASTM D2397/D2397M-19a - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4215-21 - Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5505-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D1369-19 - Standard Practice for Quantities of Materials for Asphalt-Aggregate Surface Treatments
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D3628-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7226-13(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7496-18 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D3910-21 - Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7404-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Emulsified Asphalt Residue by Moisture Balance Analyzer
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7196-23 - Standard Test Method for Raveling Test of Cold-Mixed Emulsified Asphalt Samples
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7497-21 - Standard Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt Using Low-Temperature Evaporative Technique
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6372-23 - Standard Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction of Microsurfacing
Effective Date
01-May-2019

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2397/D2397M −19
Standard Specification for
1
Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2397/D2397M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of
Emulsified Asphalt
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of cationic emul-
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emul-
sified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner
sified Asphalt
designated.
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D7226 Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emul-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
sified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D7402 Practice for Identifying Cationic EmulsifiedAsphalts
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Saybolt Furol Viscometer
with the standard.
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- N-Propyl Bromide
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Requirements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
thorough mixing, provided separation has not been caused by
freezing. Emulsions separated by freezing shall not be tested.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
prescribed in Table 1. Specify the test method to be used.
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
Specify either Test Method D7226 or D7496.
rials
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
4. Sampling
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accor-
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
dance with Practice D140/D140M.
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
4.2 Samples shall be stored in clean, airtight sealed contain-
Trichloroethylene
ers at a temperature of not less than 4 °C [39.2 °F] until tested.
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of
Slurry Seal
5. Test Methods
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of
5.1 The properties of the emulsified asphalts given in Table
Emulsified Asphalts
1 shall be determined in accordance with the followingASTM
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified
standards:
Asphalts (Sieve Test)
5.1.1 Viscosity—Test Method D7496 or D7226 for Table 1.
5.1.2 Storage Stability—Test Method D6930.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
5.1.3 Demulsibility—Test Method D6936.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on
5.1.4 Coating Ability and Water Resistance—Test Methods
Emulsified Asphalt Specifications.
D244.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally
5.1.5 Particle Charge—Practice D7402.
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2397/D2397M – 17.
DOI: 10.1520/D2397_D2397M-19.
5.1.6 Sieve Test—Test Method D6933, except use distilled
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
water in all wetting and washing operations in place of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
nonionic surfactant solution (1 %).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1.7 Cement Mixing—Test Method D6935.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2397/D2397M−19
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—CQS-1h emulsions shall meet the requirements outlined in Practices D3910.
NOTE 2—CQS-1h is used for quick-set slurry seal systems.
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting Slow-Setting Quick-Setting
Type CRS-1 CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-1 CSS-1h CQS-1h
Grade min max min max min max min max min max min max min max
Test on Emulsions:
Viscosity, Saybolt
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2397/D2397M − 17 D2397/D2397M − 19
Standard Specification for
1
Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2397/D2397M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of cationic emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner
designated.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of Emulsified Asphalts
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified Asphalts (Sieve Test)
D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of Emulsified Asphalt
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emulsified Asphalt
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
D7226 Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
D7402 Practice for Identifying Cationic Emulsified Asphalts
D7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in N-Propyl Bromide
3. Requirements
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
thorough mixing, provided separation has not been caused by freezing. Emulsions separated by freezing shall not be tested.
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. Specify the test method to be used. Specify
either Test Method D7226 or D7496.
4. Sampling
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accordance with Practice D140/D140M.
4.2 Samples shall be stored in clean, airtight sealed containers at a temperature of not less than 4 °C [39.2 °F] until tested.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on Emulsified
Asphalt Specifications.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017May 1, 2019. Published June 2017May 2019. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
D2397/D2397M – 13.D2397/D2397M – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D2397_D2397M-17.10.1520/D2397_D2397M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2397/D2397M − 19
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—CQS-1h emulsions shall meet the requirements outlined in Practices D3910.
NOTE 2—CQS-1h is used for quick-set slurry seal systems.
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting Slow-Setting Quick-Setting
Type CRS-1 CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-1 CSS-1h CQS-1h
Grade min max min max min max min max min max min max min max
Test on Emulsions:
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25 °C (77 °F) SFS 20 100 20 100 20 100
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 50 °C (122 °F) SFS 20 100 100 400 50 450 50 450
Viscosity, Rotational Paddle Viscometer at 25 °C (77 °F) mPa s 45 220 45 220 45 220
Viscosity, Rotati
...

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4.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautions shall be taken to obtain samples to show the true nature and condition of the materials.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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  • Standard
    11 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D1461-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used for determining either the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in asphalt mixtures.  
3.2 Applicable standards are those in which measurements or calibrations are made, samples are procured, or products are selected.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the asphalt in asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3289-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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