ASTM F3164-19

Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Racket Sports (Racquetball, Squash, Tennis)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, designed for use by players of racket sports (racquetball, squash, tennis), that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and penetration by racket-sport rackets and balls. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.  
1.2 Protectors are divided into three types depending on their design characteristics.  
1.3 This specification applies to eye protectors for use by wearers of corrective lenses and also by those players who do not require prescription eyewear. (Warning—Polycarbonate or Trivex spectacle lenses should be used if spectacles are worn under protective eyewear.)  
1.4 In this standard, the use of the words “shall” or “must” indicates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates a recommendation.  
1.5 Failure of the product occurs when the protector is unable to meet the general, mechanical, and optical (if applicable) requirements of the standard.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Sections 9 – 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2019
• ICS: 13.340.20 - Head protective equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.57 - Eye Safety for Sports

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F1776-18 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM F1776-16 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1776-14 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM F1776-12 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1003-11 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM F1776-10 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Refers: ASTM F1776-09 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009
• Refers: ASTM D1003-07 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM F1776-01 - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM F1776-99a - Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D1003-00 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000

Overview

ASTM F3164-19 is the Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Racket Sports including racquetball, squash, and tennis. Developed by ASTM International, this specification establishes performance and labeling requirements for protective eyewear intended to reduce the risk of eye and orbital injuries from impact and penetration by rackets or balls during play. The standard addresses a variety of protector designs and applies to both prescription and non-prescription wearers.

Key Topics

• Scope of Protection
  The standard covers eye protectors specifically designed to shield the wearer’s eyes and surrounding areas from injuries caused by racket impacts or flying balls. It is important to note that this standard applies only to eye protection, not the entire head or face.

• Protector Types
  Eye protectors are classified into multiple types based on their design:

  • Type I: Integrated lens and frame as a single unit.
  • Type II: Separate lens or lenses inserted into a frame.
  • Type III: Protectors without a lens.
  • Type IV: Full or partial face shields.

• Users
  The specification supports use by both individuals requiring corrective lenses and those who do not. For those wearing spectacles under protective eyewear, materials such as polycarbonate or Trivex are recommended.

• Performance Requirements
  The standard mandates mechanical strength, impact resistance, penetration resistance, optical clarity, luminous transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance, haze limits, refractive tolerances, and cleaning ability. All measurements are provided in SI (International System of Units).

• Labeling and Marking
  All eye protectors must be marked with manufacturer and model identification, and must include instructions on care, warnings, and sizing guidelines. Products must be labeled to indicate compliance with ASTM F3164-19.

• Material Use
  Materials in contact with skin must not cause irritation or degrade from sweat or oils, and must maintain flexibility and strength over time.

• Testing
  The standard prescribes comprehensive optical and mechanical testing procedures, including high velocity impact tests simulating ball strikes using test headforms, and a range of optical quality verifications.

Applications

• Racket Sports Safety
  This standard is essential for manufacturers, sports facilities, tournament organizers, and individual players prioritizing eye safety in racquetball, squash, and tennis. Properly certified eye protection can play a significant role in minimizing eye injuries on the court.

• Prescription and Non-Prescription Users
  ASTM F3164-19 ensures that all players, regardless of vision correction needs, have access to appropriate eye protection. Frames designed to accommodate prescription lenses must be tested with those lenses installed.

• Product Development and Quality Assurance
  Eyewear manufacturers benefit from using this standard to guide product design, safety engineering, prototyping, and final product verification, ensuring compliance with recognized international safety benchmarks.

Related Standards

• ASTM F1776 - Applies to eye protection in paintball sports.
• ANSI Z80.1 - Recommendations for prescription ophthalmic lenses.
• ANSI Z80.3 - Requirements for nonprescription sunglasses and fashion eyewear.
• ANSI Z87.1 - Practice for occupational and educational eye and face protection.
• CAN/CSA-Z262.6-14 - Specifications for facially featured headforms used in testing.

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Employing ASTM F3164-19 certified eye protection is a proactive way to enhance player safety in racket sports. Compliance with this international standard helps organizations and individuals demonstrate their commitment to injury prevention and product reliability. For manufacturers, adhering to ASTM F3164-19 assures product acceptance in regulated and competitive markets, driven by recognized standards for sports eyewear safety and performance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3164 −19 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Eye Protectors for Racket Sports (Racquetball, Squash,
Tennis)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, designed for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
use by players of racket sports (racquetball, squash, tennis),
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
adnexa due to impact and penetration by racket-sport rackets
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
andballs.Protectiveeyewearoffersprotectiononlytotheeyes
and does not protect other parts of the head.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Protectors are divided into three types depending on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
their design characteristics.
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
1.3 This specification applies to eye protectors for use by
of Transparent Plastics
wearers of corrective lenses and also by those players who do F1776SpecificationforEyeProtectiveDevicesforPaintball
notrequireprescriptioneyewear.(Warning—Polycarbonateor
Sports
Trivex spectacle lenses should be used if spectacles are worn
2.2 American National Standards:
under protective eyewear.)
ANSI Z80.1Recommendations for Prescription Ophthalmic
Lenses
1.4 In this standard, the use of the words “shall” or “must”
ANSI Z80.3Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses
indicates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indi-
and Fashion Eyewear
cates a recommendation.
ANSI Z87.1Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye
1.5 Failure of the product occurs when the protector is
and Face Protectors
unable to meet the general, mechanical, and optical (if appli-
2.3 Federal Standard:
cable) requirements of the standard.
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Technical Publication 374Method for Determining the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Resolving Power of Photographic Lenses (1973)
only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in
2.4 Canadian National Standard:
accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a
CAN/CSA-Z262.6-14Specifications for facially featured
valueformeasurementasgiveninthisspecificationisfollowed
headforms
by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be
regarded as the requirement.Agiven equivalent value may be 3. Terminology
approximate.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.1.1 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is
test methods portions, Sections9–11, of this specification: shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
activity of the two eyes.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,
F3164-19. Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada, http://www.csagroup.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3164 − 19
3.1.2 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a 3.1.17 prism, n—aprismbendsabeamoflightasaresultof
protector which has its center in line with the wearer’s normal the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens through
line of sight. which the beam of light traverses.
3.1.17.1 Discussion—The amount of bending is a function
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The zone is circular in shape, and 40
of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material
mmindiameter.Thecenterofthecentralviewingzoneshallbe
and the angle of approach of the line of sight to the optical
the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of
mounted on the CSA headform.
bendingthatisimposeduponthelineofsightofawearerofan
3.1.3 cleanable, n—the ability of a protective device to be
eye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism is
made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged
expressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1
duringanappropriatecleaningprocess,suchastheuseofsoap
cm/m is one prism diopter.
and water.
3.1.17.1 base-in, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance
3.1.4 coverage, n—a characteristic of a protective device
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-
wearer’s eyes.
verge.
3.1.5 definition (optical), n—the characteristic of a lens that
3.1.17.2 base-out, n—relating to the type of prism imbal-
allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-
ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through
cerned when looking through the lens.
a protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to
diverge.
3.1.6 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the
eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye
3.1.17.3 base-up, n—refers to the type of prism that causes
protective device through which a wearer’s eye would nor-
a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to
mally look.
appear lower than their true position.
3.1.7 eye of the headform, n—allstructurescontainedwithin
3.1.17.4 base-down, n—refers to the type of prism that
the orbital rim of the CSA headform.
causesahorizontalbeamoflighttobenddowncausingobjects
to appear higher than their true position.
3.1.8 fracture, n—separation, as a result of impact, of any
part of a protector resulting either in two completely separate
3.1.18 prism imbalance:
pieces or the separation of a protector or part of a protector
3.1.18.1 horizontal imbalance, n—the difference in pris-
intended as a continuous single piece.
maticdeviationofincidentparallellightbeamsonthetwoeyes
of a protective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in
3.1.9 haze, n—thefractionofthetotaltransmittedlightfrom
and base-out.)
anormallyincidentbeamwhichisnottransmittedinafocused
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. Ex-
3.1.18.2 vertical imbalance, n—the difference in prismatic
cessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.
deviationbetweenparallellightbeamsincidentonthetwoeyes
of a protective device in the vertical meridian.
3.1.10 impact resistance, n—theabilityofadevicetoafford
protection from impact as required by this specification.
3.1.19 protective device (or protector), n—a device that
providesprotectiontothewearer’seyeagainstspecifichazards
3.1.11 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or
encountered in sports.
partsofaprotectivedevicethroughwhichthewearernormally
sees.
3.1.20 refractive power, n—the focusing effect of a lens
expressed in diopters.
3.1.12 luminous transmittance, n—luminous transmittance
is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted
3.1.20.1 astigmatism, n—a condition in a lens that creates
by the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous
two axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines
efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric
being mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two
observerandbythespectralintensityofstandardIlluminantC.
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
(See ANSI Z80.3, 2015, Paragraph 3.8.1.)
3.1.21 scotoma, n—a blind or partially blind area within the
3.1.13 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal
visual field.
lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate
3.1.22 spherical power, n—the average of the maximum
headform.
meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional
3.1.14 penetration resistance, n—the ability of a device to
astigmatic power of a lens.
afford protection from moving objects as required by this
specification.
4. Classification
3.1.15 permanent, adj—markedsoasnottobecomeuniden-
4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:
tifiable with normal usage.
4.1.1 Type I—Aprotector with the lens or lenses and frame
3.1.16 power imbalance, adj—relates to the condition in frontpiecemoldedasoneunit.Frametemplesorotherdevices,
which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector such as straps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may be separate
is different as presented to the two eyes. pieces.
F3164 − 19
4.1.2 TypeII—Aprotectorwithasinglelensorlenses,either the design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an
plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufac- ophthalmic professional.
tured as a separate unit.
6.1.7 Ultraviolet Transmittance—When tested in accor-
4.1.3 Type III—A protector without a lens.
dance with 9.2, protectors shall meet the UV A and UV B
4.1.4 Type IV—A full or partial face shield. requirements set forth in ANSI Z80.3.
6.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 9.4, the haze
5. General Requirements
in the protector shall not exceed 3%.
6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the
5.1 Materials of Construction:
image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in
further tested in accordance with 9.1.
accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
6.1.10 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone,
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
striaewarpage,surfaceripples,lenticulations,orabruptoptical
shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
changesthatarevisibleunderthetestconditionsof9.1andthat
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face,
would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for
except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss
rejection. Visual impairment is defined by the scanning and
ofstrengthorflexibility,orotherphysicalchangeasaresultof
focimeter test of 9.1.
perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin and hair.
6.1.11 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches,
5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection by an
bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are
affidavit submitted to the test agency which supports subsec-
visible under the test conditions of 9.6 and that would impair
tions 5.1.1 – 5.1.3.
thefunctionofthelensshallbeacauseforrejection.Grayness
5.1.4 Cleanability—Protective devices shall be capable of
should be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6.
being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-
dance with the method described in 10.1, they shall remain
6.2 Mechanical Requirements:
functional in all ways.
6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be
permitted when tested in accordance with Section 11.
5.2 Finishes and Construction—The protector shall be con-
6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 11, displaced
structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of
fragments or complete fracture of the frame or lenses consti-
the protector from contact with the eye of the headform when
tutes a failure.
tested in accordance with Section 11.
6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 11, any
5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the
displacement of the lens from the frame constitutes a failure.
protector passes the standard without straps.
6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headform
when tested in accordance with Section 11 shall not constitute
6. Performance Requirements
a failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements
6.1 Optical Requirements—Type I and II Protectors:
are met.
NOTE 1—Type IV protectors, full or partial face shields, shall conform
6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted with Rx (correc-
to the optical requirements of Specification F1776.
tive) Lenses:
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescription lenses
with 9.5, maximum refractive power in any meridian shall not
shall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with plano, highest
exceed +0.12 or –0.2 diopters. Spherical power shall be in the
plusspherepowerandlowestminusspherepowerasdesiredto
range of +0.06 diopters to–0.18 diopters.
be qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens material(s)/
6.1.2 Astigmatism—Whentestedinaccordancewith9.5,the
manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating) and
astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.
finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
finishing. If all test lenses pass, than any prescription lens of
9.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not the same or greater thickness at it thinnest point within the
exceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead
prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the
seeing. same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treat-
6.1.4 Prism—Fortheprimaryviewingpositionofeithereye ment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved for
of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not use with that frame.
exceed0.50prismdiopterswhentestedinaccordancewith9.3.
6.3.2 OpticalFinishinglaboratoriesshallonlyfitlensesinto
6.1.5 Prism Imbalance: protector frames within the highest plus and lowest minus
6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In—0.25 prism diopters. sphere power as qualified for the frame in accord with the
minimum thickness, material(s), manufacturer(s) and surface
6.1.5.2 Base-Out—0.50 prism diopters.
treatment(s) which were qualified and approved for use with
6.1.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance
the protector (frame) in accordance with lenses glazed into
with 9.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not
frames shall be within the demonstrated diopter which the
less than 85% for a clear device and not less than 20% for
frame was qualified for.
tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would
be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as worn 6.3.3 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current
shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at requirements as set forth in ANSI Z80.1.
F3164 − 19
7. Sample Preparation target distortion or blur is found when the localized area is
examined with an instrument as indicated in 9.1.2.
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for
9.1.1 Inspection Procedure—One method of optical inspec-
retail sale shall be tested.
tion is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white
7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned at 23 6 2°C for a
lines through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it
minimum period of 4 h prior to mechanical tests.
about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and
constructed of high contrast black lines on a white background
8. Product Marking
(thewhiteseparationsbeingequaltotheblacklines,bothbeing
8.1 All eye protectors shall bear the following permanent 1
approximately ⁄4 in. wide).The target should be at least 6 to 8
markings (Type II protectors with Rx lenses shall be provided
ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to
withdocumentationconsistingof:copyoftheRx,lensmaterial
24in.fromtheeye.Anyripplesinthelensdetectedbythistest
type, and dispensing or finishing laboratory, or both, name and
method should be further examined in accordance with 9.1.2.
address):
9.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects and
8.1.1 Manufacturer’s identity,
localaberrationsistoscanthecentralviewingzone,especially
8.1.2 Eye protector model identity, and
areasofsuspicionarisingfromthevisualtestof9.1.1.Thelens
orshieldshouldbescannedwithaprecisionfocimeteroran8×
8.2 Alabelortagbearingthefollowinginformationshallbe
to 10× telescope using the targets and arrangements described
securely attached to, or accompany, each eye protector at time
in 9.5.2 to 9.5.5. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this
of sale:
examination.Areas outside the central viewing zone or within
8.2.1 Month and year of manufacture.
6mmoftheedgeneednotbetested.Whenthecentralviewing
8.2.2 Clear and prominent markings providing sizing
area is scanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or
guidance—that is, gender, age, or size (small, medium, large),
blurring of the image greater than 0.08 diopters change in
or a combination thereof.
power. Gradual variations in the central viewing zone shall be
8.2.3 A warning stating which cleaning and antifog agents
within the power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeter
may be used with eye protectors incorporating clear plastic
with electronic readout repeatable to 0.02 diopters is a satis-
shields and further stating that the lenses should be replaced
factory alternate method. These scanning procedures may be
when scratches become troublesome, or if cracks appear at the
madebyscanningacrossthelenssurfacenotnecessarilyinthe
edges.
“as worn” mode.
8.2.4 Awarning stating that if the eye protector is severely
impacted then the degree of protection provided may be
9.2 Luminous Transmittance—Use a suitable photometer,
reduced and the eye protector must be replaced. Failure to do
such as a Gardner Hazemeter, or other device comprised of a
so may result in permanent injuries to the eye.
light source of CIE IlluminantAat 2856°K color temperature,
8.2.5 Awarningstatingthatifalenspopsoutduetoimpact
and a photometric probe and meter capable of reading trans-
during play, the wearer should stop playing and have the
mission in percent over a range of 1to 100 %. Use a suitable
protector replaced.
enclosure to block against stray light and contain the test
8.2.6 Awarning statement that if the eye protector is stored
samples. Following the manufacturers instructions for the use
at cold temperatures it should be allowed to return to room
of the in
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