ASTM D1561-92(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
Standard Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
SCOPE
1.1 The practice covers the preparation of test specimens of bituminous paving mixtures by means of a mechanical compactor that imparts a kneading action to the test specimens by a series of individual impressions made with a ram.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Designation:D1561–92 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by
Means of California Kneading Compactor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The practice covers the preparation of test specimens of
bituminous paving mixtures by means of a mechanical com-
pactor that imparts a kneading action to the test specimens by
a series of individual impressions made with a ram.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
regarded as the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1560 Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation and
Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem
Apparatus
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock and
Construction Materials Testing
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice can be used to prepare cylindrical speci-
FIG. 1 California Kneading Compactor
mens of bituminous mix for subsequent testing. The procedure
incorporates the use of the California Kneading Compactor in
an attempt to duplicate the kneading action that is provided by
NOTE 1—Kneading compactors, which on calibration develop a trace
the equipment now being used for the compaction of asphalt
curve similar to that of the California kneading compactor, shall be
concrete pavement.
considered acceptable under this test method.Alternatively, any kneading
compactor capable of fabricating specimens that will show stabilometer
4. Apparatus
values equivalent to those obtained from the California kneading com-
4.1 California Kneading Compactor—Mechanical knead-
pactor shall be acceptable for use under this test method. The supplier has
ing compactor, as shown in Fig. 1, for consolidating test the responsibility of furnishing those substantiating data for his device.
NOTE 2—Curves are considered within calibration when they show the
specimens.
same peak pressure and dwell time in load time tract obtained in the
calibration procedure.
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
NOTE 3—This compactor shall be considered in calibration when the
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
peak momentary load applied to a test specimen is held within 65%of
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixes.
the intended foot pressure (within the range from 2.4 to 3.4 MPa) (350 to
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1992. Published November 1992. Originally
500 psi).
published as D 1561 – 58 T. Last previous edition D 1561 – 81a.
NOTE 4—The stabilometer values from replicate specimens fabricated
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
3 by this Practice D 1561 and tested in accordance with Test Methods
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
D 1560,shallfallwithinarangeof3unitsforalldense-gradedbituminous
Blueprints of detailed drawings of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 are
mixturescontainingaggregatesnotlargerthan12.7mm( ⁄2in.)andwithin
available at a nominal cost from the American Society for Testing and Materials,
1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103. Request Adjunct No. ADJD1561. a range of 4 units for coarser graded bituminous mixtures containing up to
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1561
25.4-mm (1-in.) maximum size aggregates.
4.13 Sample Mixing Apparatus—Use suitable equipment.
Hand mixing is permissible, but mechanical mixing is recom-
4.2 CompactorFoot—Aramhavingafaceshapedasshown
mended.
in Fig. 2, and having an area of approximately 20.059 cm (3.1
4.14 Miscellaneous Apparatus—Thermometers, trowels,
in. ).
pans, spatulas, scoops, gloves, and metal pans.
4.3 Mold Holder, Funnel, and Feeder Trough, as shown in
Fig. 3.
5. Test Specimens
4.4 Molds—Molding cylinders, 101.6 6 0.13 mm (4 6
5.1 Selection of Bitumen Content for Specimens—The op-
0.005 in.) in inside diameter by 127 mm (5 in.) in height. A
timumamountofbitumenfortheaggregatemaybedetermined
minimum of three such compaction molds is recommended.
by the method commonly employed by the laboratory.
4.5 Rod—Round-nose steel rod, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) in diameter
5.2 Preparation of Mixtures:
by 406.4 mm (16 in.) long.
5.2.1 Obtain a sieve analysis on the fine and coarse aggre-
4.6 Paper Disks—Heavy paper disks, 101.6 mm (4 in.) in
gate (aggregate shall be separated by means of a 4.75-mm (No.
diameter.
4) sieve). Separate the aggregate into the various size fractions
1 3
4.7 Shim—Steel shim, 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick, 19.1 mm ( ⁄4
necessary for accurately recombining into test mixtures con-
in.) wide, and 63.5 mm (2 ⁄2 in.) long.
forming to specified grading requirements.
4.8 Metal Followers—Two metal followers, 101.2 mm
5.2.2 Combine the moisture-free aggregates into batches
(3.985 in.) in diameter; one 139.7 mm (5.5 in.) high, the other
weighing 1200 g. (Every effort should be made to fabricate test
38.1 mm (1.5 in.) high.
specimens 64 6 3 mm (2.5 6 0.1 in.) in height. Heat the
4.9 Testing Machine—A compression testing machine hav-
aggregate to the proper mixing temperature; then weigh the
ing a minimum capacity of 22 kN (50 000 lbf).
required amount of bitumen at the proper temperature into the
4.10 Ovens—Electric ovens capable of maintaining tem-
aggregate mixture. For mixes employing asphalt cement, the
peratures of up to 163°C (325°F).
temperature of the aggregate and asphalt at the time mixing
4.11 Balance—A balance having a minimum capacity of 5
begins shall be in accordance with the following:
kg and meeting the requirements of Specification D 4753 for a
Temperature Range, °C (°F)
balance with 0.01-g readability.
Grade min max
4.12 Sample Splitter, riffle-type, or equivalent.
AC-2.5, AR1000, or 200–300 Pen 99(210) 121(250)
AC-5, AR2000, or 120–150 Pen 110(230) 135(275)
AC-10, AR4000, or 85–100 Pen 121(250) 149(300)
AC-20, AR8000, or 60–70 Pen 132(270) 163(325)
AC-40, AR16000, or 40–50 Pen 132(270) 163(325)
Mixtures containing liquid asphalts do not require heat for
mixing. For tar mixtures, heat the aggregates and tar to the
desi
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