ASTM D5459-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Machine Direction Elastic Recovery and Permanent Deformation and Stress Retention of Stretch Wrap Film
Standard Test Method for Machine Direction Elastic Recovery and Permanent Deformation and Stress Retention of Stretch Wrap Film
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of recovery from extension, permanent deformation, and stress retention of stretch wrap film.
1.2 Several levels of extension are included to ascertain the effect of both small and large extensions.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5459 – 95
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Machine Direction Elastic Recovery and Permanent
1
Deformation and Stress Retention of Stretch Wrap Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5459; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope elastic material fails to return to original length after subjected
to the extensions prescribed in the test procedure in this
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of recovery
method.
from extension, permanent deformation, and stress retention of
3.2.3 stress retention—the percentage of stress retained 60 s
stretch wrap film.
or 24 h, or both, after application.
1.2 Several levels of extension are included to ascertain the
effect of both small and large extensions.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Elastic properties of the films are determined by sub-
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
jecting specimens to known extensions and by measuring the
information only.
quantity of recovery and the permanent change with respect to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the original dimensions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Elastic recovery is related to the ability of a package to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
resume its original shape after being distended during its use
cycle.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Elastic recovery also relates to the tightness or snugness
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of a package.
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
5.3 Stress retention is related to the tightness or snugness of
2
Sheeting
a package.
2
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
6. Apparatus
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
3
ments 6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, with a reversible chart, com-
2
D 2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting plying with the requirements listed for Method A of Test
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a Methods D 882 with grips satisfactory for the purpose. Refer to
4
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process section on grips in Test Methods D 882.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 6.2 Specimen Cutter, capable of producing nick-free 1 6
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 0.001 in. (25.4 6 0.03 mm) testing strips, with a precision of
5
1 6 0.001 in. (25.4 6 0.03 mm).
3. Terminology
6.3 Micrometer, capable of measuring the thickness of
3.1 Definitions: General definitions for packaging and dis-
specimens to 0.001 in. (0.03 mm) as described in 8.9.1.1 of
tribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.
Specification D 2103.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7. Sampling
3.2.1 elastic recovery—the percentage of a given deforma-
7.1 Acceptance Sampling—Sampling shall be in accordance
tion that behaves elastically, after 180 s when subjected to the
with Practice D 1898.
extensions prescribed in this test method.
7.2 Sampling for Other Purposes—The sampling and the
3.2.2 permanent deformation—the increase in length, ex-
number of test specimens depend on the purposes of the
pressed as a percentage of the original length, by which an
testing. Practice E 122 is recommended. Test specimens are
taken from several rolls of film, and when possible, from
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
several production runs of a product. Strong conclusions about
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing
and Unitizing of Loads.
a specific property of a film cannot be based on a single roll of
Current edition approved July 15, 1995. Published September 1995. Originally
product.
published as D 5459 – 94. Last previous edition D 5459 – 94.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. A JDC-1-10 precision cutter is available from Thwing-Albert Instrument Co.,
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 10960 Dutton Rd. Philadelphia, PA 19154, or similar manufacturers.
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D 5459
8. Specimen Preparation 11.5 Wait 180 s.
11.6 Re-elongate the specimen to the same extension as
8.1 Cut five strips parallel to the machine direct
...
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