ASTM A367-60(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Chill Testing of Cast Iron
Standard Test Methods of Chill Testing of Cast Iron
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. The purpose of the test is to determine the chilling tendencies of cast iron. The two tests are wedge test and chill test. Both tests shall be made in a core which may either be single cores or gang cores and a pouring practice shall be performed. The wedge test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling rate that shall induce the formation of a chill shall be brought about through the design of the test specimen. The chill test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test shall be induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block. Wedge test is simpler than chill test since in the wedge test, maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are covered as follows. For many applications either test method will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are selected.
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about through the design of the test specimen. This test method is simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A367–60 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods of
Chill Testing of Cast Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specimen shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex of
the wedge should be formed by filing a ⁄32-in. flat on the sharp
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons
edge of the metal pattern and then carefully rounding the edges
that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that
formed by the ⁄32-in. flat and the sides of the wedge. If draft on
are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test
the pattern is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimension
methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are
H (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. The
covered as follows. For many applications either test method
pattern should be mounted in a core box so that the final core
will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are
can be poured with the wedge in such a position that its length
selected.
is vertical.There shall be 1-in. (25.4-mm) minimum sand at the
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally
bottom of the core.
betteradaptedtothehigherstrengthgrayirons.Theaccelerated
cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about
4. Procedure
through the design of the test specimen. This test method is
4.1 Cores—Make the test in a core. The cores may be either
simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks
single cores or gang cores. If a gang core is used, the minimum
or plates is not necessary.
amount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be not
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted
less than 2 ⁄2 3 B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well baked
to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the
and may be either resin or oil bonded. The base sand shall be
casting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this
of such fineness that a smooth casting will be obtained.Asand
type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen
with an AFS fineness of about 70 will be found satisfactory,
against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.
although a sand with a fineness of 100 or finer may be used for
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the smaller test specimens.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Pouring Practice—Pour all samples at as consistent a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pouring temperature as possible since the amount of chill is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
clearly affected by the pouring temperature. Take precautions
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to obtain a representative sample of iron for the test specimen.
TEST METHODA—WEDGE TEST Best results are obtained with a sample ladle lined with a
refractory mixture that is free of graphite and chilled iron. The
2. Application
ladle should hold at least 5 lb (2.3 kg) of iron in order to avoid
2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensions
excessive chilling of the iron before the test specimen can be
will allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray iron poured. Filling the ladle once with iron just prior to obtaining
compositions, with the exception of those having silicon
the sample for test is recommended.
contents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over 4.3 CoolingofTestSpecimen—If time is an important factor
3.50 %.
in control applications, the test specimen may be quenched in
water as soon as it is completely solid. The quenching must be
3. Test Specimens
done carefully to avoid cracking of the chilled apex of the
3.1 The patterns for the test specimens shall be made of
wedge. This may be accomplished by grasping the wedge with
1 1
metal to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1. With the exception of
tongs at the apex of the wedge and immersing about ⁄4 to ⁄2 in.
the length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary more
(6.4 to 12.7 mm) of the base of the wedge in water. The wedge
than 6 ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of the
may then be gradually quenched but should be removed while
there is still sufficient heat in the wedge to dry off the water. If
speed of testing is not important, the test specimen may be
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA04 on Iron
either cooled in the core or in the air. If cooled to a very dull
Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
published 1953. Last previous edition approved in 1999 asA367 – 60 (1999). DOI:
10.1520/A0367-60R05. Foundry Sand Handbook, Am. Foundrymen’s Soc.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A367–60 (2005)
Wedge Dimensions
Wedge No. BH Length
A, deg
in. mm in. mm in. mm
W 1 0.20 5.1 1.00 25.4 11.5 4 101.6
W 2 0.40 10.2 1.25 31.8 18 4 101.6
W 3 0.75 19.1 1.50 38.1 28 4 101.6
W3 ⁄2 1.00 25.4 1.75 44.4 32 5 127.0
W 4 1.25 31.8 2.00 50.8 34.5 6 152.4
FIG. 1 Dimensions for Test Wedges
red before quenching in water, the demarcation between the TEST METHOD B—CHILLTEST
chilled iron and the gray iron is somewhat clearer than if the
6. Application
test specimen is quenched as soon as it is solid.
6.1 This test method is better adapted than Test MethodAto
irons having silicon contents of 2.50 % and over and carbon
5. Measurement of Chill
contents of 3.50 % and over. It is also useful for control
5.1 Break the test specimen by striking with a hammer in
purposes in high-production foundries making irons somewhat
such a manner that the fracture is straight and midway of its
lower in carbon and silicon than indicated above. This test
length. The chilled iron at the apex of the wedge with a few
method is also preferable for applications in which the casting
exceptions consists of two zones. That portion nearest the apex
is to have a specified depth of chill.
entirely free of any gray spots is designated as clear chill. That
portion starting with the end of the clear chill and continuing to
7. Test Specimens
the location where the last spot of cementite or white iron is
7.1 The patterns shall be made of metal and conform to the
visible is designated as the mottled zone. The extent of the
dimensions shown in Fig. 2. All dimensions shall be within
mottled zone may vary from virtually nothing to an amount 1
6 ⁄32 in.
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