ASTM D8-13a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
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Designation: D8 − 13a
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by
as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
cementing medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey
charges on the discontinuous phase.
gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
the materials in the mixture.
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum ob-
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
tained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
istics. In North America bitumen is called asphalt.
asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also
Binder system.
bituminized). Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized
felts and fabrics, bituminous pavement.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more
essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and of
prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting
other bases, that is developed simultaneously with iron in a
layers of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or
blast furnace.
base materials.
cationic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of positive
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
charges on the discontinuous phase.
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
clinker, n—generally a fused or partly fused by-product of the
rubber particles.
combustion of coal, but also including lava and portland-
cement clinker, and partly vitrified slag and brick.
coal tar, n—a dark brown to black cementitious material
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
produced by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
coarse aggregate, n—(1) aggregate predominantly retained on
Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally
the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve: or (2) that portion of an
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D8 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/D0008-13A. aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) siev
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 13 D8 − 13a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a cementing
medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013June 15, 2013. Published February 2013July 2013. Originally published as D 8 – 12.approved in 1912. Last previous edition
published 2012 approved in 2013 as D8D8 – 13.–12. DOI: 10.1520/D0008–13. 10.1520/D0008-13A.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates. The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting layers
of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or base materials.
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component is at
least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber
particles.
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
DISCUSSION—
The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of the
materials in the mixture.
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
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D8 − 13a
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In North America bitumen is called
asphalt.
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also bituminized). Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized felts and
fabrics, bituminous pavement.
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and of other bases,
that is developed simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.
cationic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that
...
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