ASTM E1623-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the heat release rate of materials, products, and assemblies. Other parameters are the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to ignition, smoke and gas production, emissivity, and surface temperature. Examples of test specimens are assemblies of materials or products that are tested in their end-use thickness. Therefore, the test method is suitable for assessing the heat release rate of a wall assembly.
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be included in a specimen when these details are part of normal design.
5.3 This test method is applicable to end-use products not having an ideally planar external surface. The radiant flux field shall be adjusted to be that which is desired at the average distance of the surface from the radiant panel.
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
5.5 Test Limitations:
5.5.1 The test results have limited validity if: (a) the specimen melts sufficiently to overflow the drip tray, or (b) explosive spalling occurs.
5.5.2 Exercise caution in interpreting results of specimens that sag, deform, or delaminate during a test. Report observations of such behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of radiant heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire models. Examples of these values include effective heat of combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and emissivity.
1.4 This test method is also intended to provide information about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame temperatures, minimum surface temperatures for upward and downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional heat of gasification (1)2 and the Φ flame spread parameter (see Test Method E1321). While some studies have indicated that this test method is suitable for determining these fire parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to justify inclusion of the corresponding testing and calculating procedures.
1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and flow rate in the exhaust product stream (exhaust duct). The procedure is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the combustion product stream (exhaust duct).
1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heating flux in the range of 0 to 50 kW/m2 in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are used to ignite the combustible vapors from the specimen during the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the parameters associated with flame spread requires the use of line burners instead of hot wire ignitors.
1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels (2) require special considerations as described in Section A1.1.6.
1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations, design, or research and development of materials, ...
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Designation: E1623 − 14 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials,
Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale
1
Calorimeter (ICAL)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentra-
tionandflowrateintheexhaustproductstream(exhaustduct).
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of
The procedure is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is
materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of
quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the
radiant heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.
combustion product stream (exhaust duct).
1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this
1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heating flux in the
test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass
2
range of 0 to 50 kW/m in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are
loss rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of
usedtoignitethecombustiblevaporsfromthespecimenduring
materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated
the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the
conditions.
parametersassociatedwithflamespreadrequirestheuseofline
1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many
burners instead of hot wire ignitors.
of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire
1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels (<
2
models. Examples of these values include effective heat of
10 kW/m ) require special considerations as described in
combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and
Section A1.1.6.
emissivity.
1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations,
1.4 Thistestmethodisalsointendedtoprovideinformation
design, or research and development of materials, products, or
about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity,
assemblies,formathematicalfiremodeling,orforresearchand
specific heat, radiative and convective heat transfer
development. The specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and
coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame
configurations representative of actual end product or system
temperatures, minimum surface temperatures for upward and
uses.
downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional
2 1.8 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.
heat of gasification (1) and the Φ flame spread parameter (see
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Test Method E1321). While some studies have indicated that
this test method is suitable for determining these fire standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to
justify inclusion of the corresponding testing and calculating
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the
procedures.
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
Combustion Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
conducting these tests. Specific information about hazards is
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1623-11. DOI:
given in Section 7.
10.1520/E1623-14.
2
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to the list of references at the
end of this standard. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1623 − 14
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of the fire test standard that cites effective heat of combustion
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- as a quantity to be measured. For certain fire test conditions,
bili
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1623 − 11 E1623 − 14 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials,
Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale
1
Calorimeter (ICAL)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of radiant
heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss
rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire models.
Examples of these values include effective heat of combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and emissivity.
1.4 This test method is also intended to provide information about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity, specific
heat, radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame temperatures, minimum
2
surface temperatures for upward and downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional heat of gasification (1) and the
Φ flame spread parameter (see Test Method E1321). While some studies have indicated that this test method is suitable for
determining these fire parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to justify inclusion of the corresponding testing
and calculating procedures.
1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the oxygen
consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and flow rate in the exhaust product stream (exhaust duct). The procedure
is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the combustion product stream
(exhaust duct).
2
1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heating flux in the range of 0 to 50 kW/m in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are used
to ignite the combustible vapors from the specimen during the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the parameters
associated with flame spread requires the use of line burners instead of hot wire ignitors.
2
1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels (< 10 kW/m ) require special considerations as described in Section
A1.1.6.
1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations, design, or research and development of materials, products, or
assemblies, for mathematical fire modeling, or for research and development. The specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and
configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.
1.8 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting
these tests. Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2014. Published February 2011November 2014. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20092011
as E1623 - 09.E1623 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/E1623-11.10.1520/E1623-14.
2
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 -----------
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