ASTM C1074-17

Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete to allow the start of critical construction activities such as: (1) removal of formwork and reshoring; (2) post-tensioning of tendons; (3) termination of cold weather protection; and (4) opening of roadways to traffic.  
5.2 This practice can be used to estimate strength of laboratory specimens cured under non-standard temperature conditions.  
5.3 The major limitations of the maturity method are: (1) the concrete must be maintained in a condition that permits cement hydration; (2) the method does not take into account the effects of early-age concrete temperature on the long-term strength (3, 4); and (3) the method needs to be supplemented by other indications of the potential strength of the field concrete.  
5.4 The accuracy of the estimated strength depends, in part, on using the appropriate parameters (datum temperature or value of Q) for the maturity functions described in Section 6.
Note 1: Approximate values of the datum temperature, To, and the Q-value for use in Eq 1 or Eq 2, respectively, are given in Appendix X2. If maximum accuracy of strength estimation is desired, the appropriate values of To or Q for a specific concrete mixture may be determined using the procedures given in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for estimating concrete strength by means of the maturity method. The maturity index is expressed either in terms of the temperature-time factor or in terms of the equivalent age at a specified temperature.  
1.2 This practice requires establishing the strength-maturity relationship of the concrete mixture in the laboratory and recording the temperature history of the concrete for which strength is to be estimated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2017
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.64 - Nondestructive and In-Place Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1074-11 - Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength<br> by the Maturity Method
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017
• Referred By: ASTM C125-21a - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017
• Referred By: ASTM C918/C918M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Early-Age Compressive Strength and Projecting Later-Age Strength
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1074 − 17
Standard Practice for
1
Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1074; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for estimating con-
C78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete
crete strength by means of the maturity method. The maturity
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
index is expressed either in terms of the temperature-time
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
factor or in terms of the equivalent age at a specified tempera-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
ture.
Specimens)
1.2 This practice requires establishing the strength-maturity
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
relationship of the concrete mixture in the laboratory and
gregates
recording the temperature history of the concrete for which
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
strength is to be estimated.
Specimens in the Laboratory
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
standard.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C803/C803M Test Method for Penetration Resistance of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Hardened Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C873/C873M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. C900 Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Con-
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic crete
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon C918/C918M Test Method for Measuring Early-Age Com-
2
prolonged exposure. ) pressive Strength and Projecting Later-Age Strength
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- C1768/C1768M PracticeforAcceleratedCuringofConcrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Cylinders
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
2. Referenced Documents
Terminology C125.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
3.2.1 maturity method—a technique for estimating concrete
Specimens in the Field
strengththatisbasedontheassumptionthatsamplesofagiven
concrete mixture attain equal strengths if they attain equal
4
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete values of the maturity index (1, 2, 3).
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.64on
3.2.2 strength-maturity relationship—an empirical relation-
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published June 2018. Originally
ship between concrete strength and maturity index that is
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1074 – 11. DOI:
obtained by testing specimens whose temperature history up to
10.1520/C1074-17.
the time of test has been recorded.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1074 − 17
4. Summary of Practice where:
t = equivalent age at a specified temperature T , days or h,
4.1 A strength-maturity relationship is developed by labo- e s
Q = activation energy divided by the gas constant, K,
ratory tests on the concret
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1074 − 11 C1074 − 17
Standard Practice for
Estimating Concrete Strength
1
by the Maturity Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1074; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for estimating concrete strength by means of the maturity method. The maturity index
is expressed either in terms of the temperature-time factor or in terms of the equivalent age at a specified temperature.
1.2 This practice requires establishing the strength-maturity relationship of the concrete mixture in the laboratory and recording
the temperature history of the concrete for which strength is to be estimated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C78C78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
4
C684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, and Testing Concrete Compression Test Specimens (Withdrawn 2012)
C803/C803M Test Method for Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete
C873/C873M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds
C900 Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
C918/C918M Test Method for Measuring Early-Age Compressive Strength and Projecting Later-Age Strength
C1768/C1768M Practice for Accelerated Curing of Concrete Cylinders
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology C125.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.64 on
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
Current edition approved June 15, 2011Dec. 15, 2017. Published July 2011June 2018. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as C1074
– 10a.11. DOI: 10.1520/C1074-11.10.1520/C1074-17.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1074 − 17
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 datum temperature—the temperature that is subtracted from the measured concrete temperature for calculating the
temperature-time factor according to Eq 1.
3.1.2 equivalent age—the number of days or hours a
...