ASTM E1122-96

Standard Practice for Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using Automatic Image Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform JK-type inclusion ratings using automatic image analysis in accordance with microscopical methods A and D of Practice E45.  
1.2 This practice deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability for any grade of steel or other alloy where the method is appropriate.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are conversions and are approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-1996
• Technical Committee: E04 - Metallography
• Drafting Committee: E04.09 - Inclusions

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: E 1122 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using Automatic Image
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tice, see Terminology E 7.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform JK-type
3.2.1 aspect ratio—the length-to-width ratio of a micro-
inclusion ratings using automatic image analysis in accordance
structural feature.
with microscopical methods A and D of Practice E 45.
3.2.2 discontinuous stringer—three or more inclusions
1.2 This practice deals only with the recommended test
separated by less than 40 μm (0.0016 in.) that are aligned in a
methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or
plane parallel to the hot-working axis.
establishing limits of acceptability for any grade of steel or
3.2.3 stringer—an individual inclusion that is highly elon-
other alloy where the method is appropriate.
gated in the deformation direction, or three or more inclusions
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
separated by less than 40 μm (0.0016 in.) and aligned in the
standard. Values in parentheses are conversions and are ap-
same plane parallel to the deformation direction.
proximate.
3.2.4 threshold setting—isolation of a range of gray level
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
values exhibited by one constituent in the microscope field.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Practice
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The inclusions on the surface of a properly prepared
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as-polished metallographic specimen are viewed with a high-
2. Referenced Documents quality, metallurgical microscope. The bright-field image is
picked up by a suitable television camera and transferred to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
image analyzer screen. For the manual Method D in Practice
E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
2
2
E 45, each 0.50-mm test area is examined at 100X, classified
E 7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
and rated before moving to the next contiguous field until a
E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of
2
2
total area of 160 mm is covered. Using image analysis, the
Steel
2
160-mm area can be examined at any desired magnification
E 768 Practice for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for
2
and field area. The inclusions are classified by type and
Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
thickness. Then, severity values are determined based upon the
E 1245 Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-
2
required 0.50-mm field areas. Hence, with image analysis, the
Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image
2
2 examination field size may be larger or smaller than 0.50 mm
Analysis
2
as long as the severity calculations are based on 0.50-mm
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
2
3 subdivisions of the 160-mm total examination area.
Inclusions in Steel, Plates I and III
4.2 Inclusion types (A, B, C, and D in accordance with
Colored Plate Illustrating Use of DIC for Evaluating the
4 microscopical Practice E 45) are separated based on gray-level
Quality of Specimen Preparation
differences and morphology. These inclusions are the indig-
3. Terminology enous types resulting from the deoxidation of steel and the
precipitation of sulfide during solidification. Sulfides (Type A)
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
are separated from oxides (Types B, C, and D) based on gray
level. All of the oxides are lower in light reflectivity than the
1
sulfides. The oxides are separated based on morphology: Type
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-4 on Metallog-
raphy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.14 on Quantitative
B—discontinuous stringers; Type C—solid stringers; and Type
Metallography.
D—non-stringer, globular particles.
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996. Originally
4.3 Each inclusion type is further categorized as thin or
published as E 1122 – 92. Last previous edition E 1122 – 95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. thick (heavy) based on the thickness of the inclusions in
3
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order PCN 12-500450-01.
accordance with the limits in Table 1 (Inclusion Width Param-
4
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order PCN 12-507680-22.
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E 1122
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