ASTM F1546/F1546M-96(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles
Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns. Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; and Type IV. Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows: Class I; Class II; and Class III. Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes. Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, tensile set test, compression set test, accelerated aging test, aging exposure, ultraviolet light-water exposure, discharge calibration test, flow pattern test, flushing test, control tests, corrosion exposure, high temperature test, low temperature test, rough usage test, leakage test, hydrostatic pressure test, operator protection test, and horizontal distance shall be performed to conform with specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1546/F1546M −96(Reapproved 2012) AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
Fire Hose Nozzles
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1546/F1546M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 break apart—a feature that allows the nozzle tip to be
disconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a coupling
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and
identical to that on the hose end of the nozzle.
testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or
3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzle—an adjustable pattern
fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray
nozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed nozzle
patterns.
pressure. At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
constant flow rate from straight stream through a wide angle
standard.
pattern.This is accomplished by maintaining a constant orifice
size during flow pattern adjustment.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 constant pressure (automatic) spray nozzle—an ad-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
justable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains constant
A313/A313MSpecification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
through a range of flows rates. The constant pressure provides
A580/A580MSpecification for Stainless Steel Wire
the velocity for an effective stream reach at various flow rates.
A582/A582MSpecification for Free-Machining Stainless
This is accomplished by means of a pressure-activated, self-
Steel Bars
adjusting orifice baffle.
B117Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
3.1.5 constant/select flow rate feature—anozzlefeaturethat
D395Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
allows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the flow rate
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
to a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constant
tic Elastomers—Tension
throughout the range of pattern selection from straight stream
D572Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and
to wide angle spray.
Oxygen
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
3.1.6 free swivel coupling—a coupling between the nozzle
and hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that is
2.2 NFPA Standards:
capable of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spanner
NFPA1963Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets for
wrench is not required to tighten the coupling to prevent
Fire Hose Connections
leakage.
3. Terminology
3.1.7 flush—afeatureinanozzlethatallowstheorificetobe
opened so that small debris that might otherwise be trapped in
3.1 Definitions:
the nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation, can
3.1.1 ball shut-off—a spray nozzle configuration that stops
pass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the nozzle
the flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ball
pressure will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.
through which the water flows so that the passage no longer
3.1.8 lever-type control—a control in which the handle
aligns with the nozzle flow passage.
operates along the axis of the nozzle.
3.1.9 pistol grip—a feature usually available as an attach-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships
ment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
3.1.10 rated pressure—thatpressureforwhichthenozzleis
General Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally designed to operate at a specified flow rate(s).
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1546/F1546M–96
3.1.11 rotational-type control—a control that rotates in a
(2006). DOI: 10.1520/F1546_F1546M-96R12.
plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 4. Classification
the ASTM website.
4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. general construction types, as follows:
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
F1546/F1546M−96 (2012)
4.1.1 Type I—Pistol grip, lever-type control operated. 6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile Set
4.1.2 Type II—Nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated. Tests:
4.1.3 Type III—Break apart, pistol grip, lever-type control 6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile set
operated. shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D412,
4.1.4 Type IV—Break apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type con- Method A, except that, for tensile set determinations, the
trol operated. elongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensile
set shall be measured 3 min after release of the specimen. The
4.2 Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general
elongationofaspecimenforatensilesetdeterminationistobe
classes, as follows:
such that the bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to a
4.2.1 Class I—Constant flow rate.
distance of 76 mm.
4.2.2 Class II—Constant/select flow rate.
6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or if
4.2.3 Class III—Constant pressure.
either the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation of
4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, as
the specimen is less than the required value, an additional
follows:
specimen shall be tested, and those results shall be considered
4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base.
final. Results of tests for specimens that break in the curved
4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel base.
portion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if the
measured strength and elongation values are within the mini-
5. Ordering Information
mum requirements.
5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering:
6.2.2 Compression Set Test:
5.1.1 Quantity,
6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prepared
5.1.2 Type (see 4.1),
and the test conducted in accordance withTest Methods D395,
5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),
Method B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22°C.
5.1.4 Size (see 4.3),
6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:
5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1 and 12)
6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as
5.1.6 Thread type
for tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimate
elongation tests, except for the bench marks 25 mm apart that
6. Materials and Manufacture
shall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. The
exposure shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method
6.1 Materials:
D572.
6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts must be durable and
6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70% of the
demonstratesatisfactoryoperationduringallperformancetests
as-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after the
in Section 9.
accelerated aging test.
6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construc-
6.2.4 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane as
tion of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant.
itscharacteristicconstituent)shallhaveatensilestrengthofnot
Copperalloyscontainingmorethan15%zincareprohibitedin
less than 3.5 MPa and at least 100% ultimate elongation as
all parts that are in contact with the fluid flow. No aluminum
determined in accordance with 9.3.2.
alloys may be used except for nozzles being operated exclu-
6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall have
sively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be used
a tensile strength of not less than 10 MPa and at least 200%
except for the Type 300 series stainless steel for wire and
ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.
springs in accordance with Specifications A313/A313M or
A580/A580M and for screws and pins in accordance with
Specification A582/A582M. 7. Configuration
6.1.3 Allnonmetallicmaterialsorsyntheticelastomersused
7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following components
to form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:
and design:
6.1.3.1 uniform dimensions,
7.1.1 Nozzle body,
6.1.3.2 beofsuchsize,shape,andresiliencyastowithstand
7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,
ordinary usage and foreign matter carried by water, including
7.1.3 Shutoffs,
petrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such as
7.1.4 Shutoff seats,
those used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and
7.1.5 Shutoff handle,
6.1.3.3 be able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet light
7.1.6 Bumper guard,
exposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.
7.1.7 Seals,
6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5
7.1.8 Flushing feature,
mm as determined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compression
7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and
setnotmorethan15%asdeterminedinaccordancewith6.2.2.
7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional).
6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:
7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type control
shutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when the
handle is closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-type
Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hose
control of the flow rate must also be by means of the shutoff
couplings.
ThreadsshouldconformtoarecognizedindustrystandardsuchasNFPA1963. handle.
F1546/F1546M−96 (2012)
7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be a 9. Design Qualification Tests
minimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.
9.1 Four first production run specimens shall be randomly
7.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that the
selectedandsubjectedtothetestsdescribedin9.3through9.13
operator’s hand in a fireman’s glove and closed on the handle
in sequential order.
does not interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle in
9.2 The specimens shall exhibit no permanent deformation
any position.
that interferes with their proper operation during any test.
7.3 Spraypatternadjustmentshallbebymeansofrotational
9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be subjected to the fol-
controls. Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide angle
lowing specific testing:
spraypatterntonarrowangle,tostraightstreaminaclockwise
9.3.1 Aging Exposure:
mannerwhenviewedfromthehosecouplingendofthenozzle.
9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other tests
The wide and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhanced
identified in this standard.
with an impinging action by means of a minimum of one and
9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven aging
amaximumoftworowsoffixedorrotatingteethconcentricto
for 180 days at 70°C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h in
the discharge orifice.
air at 25°C and 50% relative humidity.
7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushing
9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
debris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line.
inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they
This may be accomplished either through the full open nozzle
operateproperly.Cracking,crazing,oranyotherconditionthat
position or through a flush feature of the nozzle.
interferes with the proper operation of any specimen shall
7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control,
constitute failure of this test.
incorporateadetent,orshallrequireincreasedforcetooperate,
9.3.2 Ultraviolet Light-Water Exposure:
to indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is being
9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shall
engaged.
be subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.
9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from two
7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one hand
stationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of each lamp is
of the operator while the other hand is holding the nozzle.
tobeformedbetweentwoverticalcarbonelectrodes,13mmin
7.6 Abumper shall be provided at the discharge end of the
diameter,locatedatthecenterofarevolvableverticalcylinder,
nozzleforprotectionagainstphysicaldamage.Thenozzlestem
787 mm in diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to be
shall not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positions
enclosed with a number PX Pyrex-glass globe.
including flush.
9.3.2.3 The water shall conform to Type IV water in
7.7 Thepistolgrip,ifoneisprovided,shallhavefourfinger
Specification D1193.
notches on the tip side and the minimum span and width shall
9.3.2.4 The specimens are to be mounted vertically on the
be suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical fireman’s
inside of the revolvable cylinder, arcing the lamps, and the
glove.
cylinder continuously revolved around the stationary lamps at
1revolutionperminute.Asystemistobeprovidedsothateach
7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.
specimeninturnissprayedwithwaterasthecylinderrevolves.
7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasket
During the operating cycle, each specimen is to be exposed to
fitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall have
thelightandwatersprayfor3minandthelightonlyfor17min
dimensions in accordance with NFPA 1963. Type III and IV
(total 20 min). The air temperature within the revolving
nozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodate
cylinder of the apparatus during operations is to be maintained
the break-apart feature.
at 65°C.
9.3.2.5 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
7.10 Nozzles for use with 38-mm hoses shall weigh not
inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they
more than 4.53 kg. Nozzles for use with 64-mm hoses shall
operate properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition
weigh not more than 5.9 kg.
which interferes with the proper operation of any specimen
7.11 Shutoff seats shall be self-adjusting or shall be adjust-
shall constitute failure of this test.
able without disassembly of the nozzle.
9.4 Discharge Calibration Test:
7.12 All features which incorporate a stop, detent, separate
9.4.1 Constant flow rate specimens shall flow the rated
control, or increased force to engage shall be clearly labeled,
discharge, plus 10%, minus 0%, measured at rated pressure,
including the open and shutoff positions, pattern selection, and
through the entire range of pattern setting from straight stream
flow rate selection.
to wide angle spray.
9.4.2 Constant/select flow rate specimens shall flow the
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
rated discharge, plus 10%, minus 0%, measured at rated
8.1 All parts and assemblies of the nozzle including cast
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