ASTM D5890-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: D5890 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
Ventilation Ovens
the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
(GCL).
Granular Pesticides
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
test method for bentonite. 3
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant
3. Terminology
weight at 105 6 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground
3.1 Definitions:
to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve.
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C.
man-made project, structure, or system.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a factory manufactured
standard.
hydraulicbarrierconsistingofclaysupportedbygeotextiles,or
1.5 his standard does not purport to address all of the safety
geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling,
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
stitching, or chemical adhesives.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are
mass of dry clay.
given in Section 7.
3.1.4 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has
2. Referenced Documents
been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and
2
humidity until there is no further significant change in its mass.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4. Significance and Use
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water Content of
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL
Soil and Rock by Microwave Oven Heating
systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
waste, or ground water through the liner.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
Construction Materials Testing
4.2 Claymineralqualitycanvarysignificantlyandeffectthe
hydraulicconductivityoftheGCLcomposite.Thistestmethod
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
performance.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners.
5. Apparatus
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5890 - 06. DOI: 5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
10.1520/D5890-11.
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5890 − 11
5.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto- 6. Reagents
mated sieve shaker.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water
5.3 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably
conforming to Specification D1193,Type I, II, or III (see Table
forced draft type, meeting requirements of Specification E145
X1.1).Suchwaterisbestpreparedbydistillationorthepassage
and
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5890–06 Designation:D5890–11
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversanindexmethodthatenablestheevaluationofswellingpropertiesofaclaymineralinreagentwater
for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground to
a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve.The bentonite
passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 his standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Microwave Oven Heating
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and Granular Pesticides
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
3
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a factory manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by geotextiles, or
geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the mass of dry
clay.
3.1.4 oven-dried, adj—theconditionofamaterialthathasbeenheatedunderprescribedconditionsoftemperatureandhumidity
until there is no further significant change in its mass.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Jan.Oct. 1, 2006.2011. Published February 2006.October 2011. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 as
D5890 - 026. DOI: 10.1520/D5890-06.10.1520/D5890-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5890–11
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial, waste,
or ground water through the liner.
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to performance.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
5.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and automated sieve shaker.
5.3 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, pref
...
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