ASTM D5890-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial, waste, or ground water through the liner.
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and affect the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). This test method is not applicable for clays with polymers.
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP-NF-XVII) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C; granular clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 150-µm (No. 100) U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 75-µm (No. 200) U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 150-µm U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5890 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water Content of
reagent water for estimation of its usefulness in geosynthetic
Soil and Rock by Microwave Oven Heating
clay liners (GCLs). This test method is not applicable for clays
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
with polymers.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP-
Construction Materials Testing
NF-XVII) test method for bentonite.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant
Ventilation Ovens
weight at 105 6 5 °C; granular clay mineral should be ground
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
to100 %passinga150-µm(No.100)U.S.StandardSievewith
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
a minimum of 65 % passing a 75-µm (No. 200) U.S. Standard
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
Sieve. The bentonite passing the 150-µm U.S. Standard Sieve
Granular Pesticides
is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 3
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
5 °C.
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
humidity until there is no further significant change in its mass.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- waste, or ground water through the liner.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Claymineralqualitycanvarysignificantlyandaffectthe
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
hydraulicconductivityoftheGCLcomposite.Thistestmethod
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
performance.
5. Atmosphere Conditions
5.1 Atmospheric Conditions—The atmospheric conditions
of the laboratory performing swell index of clay mineral
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
thetic Clay Liners. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5890 – 11. DOI: Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville,
10.1520/D5890-18. MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5890 − 18
component of geosynthetic clay liners shall be: relative humid- conforming to Specification D1193,Type I, II, or III (see Table
ity of ≤70 % and temperature of 23 6 4 °C. X1.1).Suchwaterisbestpreparedbydistillationorthepassage
of tap water through an ion exchange resin.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for 8. Hazards
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
8.1 Handle hot containers with a container holder.
6.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 150 µm (No. 100), 75 µm (No.
8.2 Safety precautions supplied by the manufacturer of the
200).
microwave/oven should be observed.
6.3 Drying Oven, the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5890 − 11 D5890 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water
for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).in
geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). This test method is not applicable for clays with polymers.
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP)(USP-NF-XVII) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C;5 °C; granular clay mineral should be ground
to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh 150-μm (No. 100) U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh 75-μm (No.
200) U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 100 mesh 150-μm U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to
constant weight at 105 6 5°C.5 °C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 hisThis standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 78.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Soil and Rock by Microwave Oven Heating
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and Granular Pesticides
3
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2018. Published October 2011August 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D5890 - 06.D5890 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D5890-11.10.1520/D5890-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5890 − 18
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a factory manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by geotextiles, or
geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the mass of dry
clay.
3.1.1 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and humidity
until there is no further significant change in its mass.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional compo
...
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