ASTM D5887/D5887M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.
5.4 This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1: Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.
5.5 This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL. Refer to Appendix X2 for calculation of hydraulic conductivity.
5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5887/D5887M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5887/D5887M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
Construction Materials Testing
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCLproducts with
Ventilation Ovens
geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coat-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ing backing(s).
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under
3. Terminology
a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufactur-
3.1 Definitions:
ing quality control. The test method can also be used to check
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of water under laminar
conformance.The flux value determined using this test method
flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of
specimen.
GCLs.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
supported by geotextiles, or geomembranes, or both, that are
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance 3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a bias,
with the standard.
butthatmaybeusedtoestablishanorderforasetofspecimens
with respect to the property of interest.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
see Terminology D653 and Terminology D4439.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method involves permeation of a 100-mm
2. Referenced Documents
[4-in.] diameter GCL test specimen. The specimen is set up in
2
a flexible-wall permeameter, subjected to a total stress of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
550 kPa [80 psi] and a backpressure of 515 kPa [75 psi] for a
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
period of 48 h. Flow is initiated using deionized water by
Fluids
raising the pressure on the influent side of the test specimen to
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
530 kPa [77 psi]. The flux is determined when inflow and
outflow are approximately equal (within 625 %).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
5. Significance and Use
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners.
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5887 – 09. DOI:
permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.
10.1520/D5887_D5887M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
flux of a GCLspecimen exceeds the maximum value stated by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the manufacturer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5887/D5887M − 16
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation other device of suitable accuracy. More information on testing
3
in flux within a sample of GCLby testing a number of differe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5887 − 09 D5887/D5887M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5887;D5887/D5887M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner
(GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with
geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing
quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not
considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically
given.separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of water under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
specimen.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by
geotextiles, or geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a bias, but that may be used to establish an order for a set of specimens
with respect to the property of interest.
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653 and Terminology D4439.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2016. Published July 2009September 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
D5887 – 08.D5887 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D5887-09.10.1520/D5887_D5887M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5887/D5887M − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves permeation of a 100-mm (4-in.)[4-in.] diameter GCL test specimen. The specimen is set up in
a flexible-wall permeameter, subjected to a total stress of 550 kPa (80 psi) 550 kPa [80 psi] and a backpressure of 515 kPa (75
psi)[75 psi] for a period of 48 h. Flow is initiated using deionized water by raising the pressure on the influent side of the test
specimen to 530 kPa (77 psi). [77 psi]. The flux is determined when inflow and outflow are approximately equal (within 625 %).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method yields t
...
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