ASTM D4687-14

Standard Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.  
3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.  
3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user shall use other more appropriate procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.  
1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:    
Section  
Safety plans  
4  
Sampling plans  
5  
Quality assurance considerations  
6  
General sampling considerations  
7  
Preservation and containerization  
8  
Cleaning equipment  
9  
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures  
10  
Chain-of-custody procedure  
11
1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to assure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2014
• ICS: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.01 - Planning for Sampling

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4687 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
General Planning of Waste Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The analysis and testing of solid waste requires collection of adequately sized, representative
samples. Wastes are found in various locations and physical states. Therefore, each sampling routine
shall be tailored to fit the waste and situation. Wastes often occur as nonhomogeneous mixtures in
stratified layers or as poorly mixed conglomerations. For example, wastes are commonly stored or
disposedofinsurfaceimpoundmentswithstratifiedorlayeredsludgescoveredbypondedwastewater.
In these situations, the collector may be faced with sampling the wastewater, the sludge, and some
depth of soil beneath the sludges. Collecting representative samples in these situations requires a
carefully assessed, well-planned, and well-executed sampling routine.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.
1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and
planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are
2. Referenced Documents
common to most waste sampling situations.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
follows:
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Section
Lot or Process
Safety plans 4
Sampling plans 5
2.2 Other Document:
Quality assurance considerations 6
EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
General sampling considerations 7
3
Preservation and containerization 8
Physical/Chemical Methods
Cleaning equipment 9
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures 10
Chain-of-custody procedure 11 3. Significance and Use
1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and
proceduresfortheseaspects,nordoesitserveasaguidetoany
provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling
specificapplication.Itistheresponsibilityoftheusertoassure
plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-
that the procedures used are proper and adequate.
of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general
cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
3.2 Forpurposesofthisguide,itisassumedthattheuserhas
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety
information only and are not considered standard.
hazards.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
user shall use other more appropriate procedures.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Planning for Sampling. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4687–95(2006). Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Printing Office,
DOI: 10.1520/D4687-14. Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4687 − 14
4. Safety Plans 4.2.2.3 In situations where the type(s) of chemical(s),
concentration(s),andpossibilitiesofcontactarenotknown,the
4.1 Proper safety precautions shall always be observed
appropriate level of protection shall be selected based on
when sampling wastes. Persons collecting samples shall be
professional experience and judgment until the hazards can be
aware that the waste can be a strong sensitizer and corrosive,
better characterized.
flammable, explosive, toxic, and capable of releasing ex-
4.2.3 Level A Protection—Personnel Protective Equipment:
tremely poisonous gases. The background infor
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4687 − 95 (Reapproved 2006) D4687 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
General Planning of Waste Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The analysis and testing of solid waste requires collection of adequately sized, representative
samples. Wastes are found in various locations and physical states. Therefore, each sampling routine
mustshall be tailored to fit the waste and situation. Wastes often occur as nonhomogeneous mixtures
in stratified layers or as poorly mixed conglomerations. For example, wastes are commonly stored or
disposed of in surface impoundments with stratified or layered sludges covered by ponded wastewater.
In these situations, the collector may be faced with sampling the wastewater, the sludge, and some
depth of soil beneath the sludges. Collecting representative samples in these situations requires a
carefully assessed, well-planned, and well-executed sampling routine.
Currently, Subcommittee D34.01 is working on practices for sampling wastes from a variety of
different sampling locations and situations. Also in progress is a practice for containerization,
preservation, and holding times for waste samples. As these documents are approved by ASTM,
reference to these standards will be made in this general guide on waste sampling. Further,
Subcommittee D34.01 recommends this guide be used in conjunction with the new waste sampling
practices when available in print by ASTM.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) whichthat are
common to most waste sampling situations.
1.2 The aspects of sampling whichthat this guide addresses are as follows:
Section
Safety plans 4
Sampling plans 5
Quality assurance considerations 6
General sampling considerations 7
Preservation and containerization 8
Cleaning equipment 9
Labeling and shipping procedures 10
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures 10
Chain-of-custody procedure 11
1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any
specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to assure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006May 1, 2014. Published March 2006June 2014. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D4687 – 95(2001).(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4687-95R06.10.1520/D4687-14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4687 − 14
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
2.2 Other Document:
3
EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans,
safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning
procedures, and general preservation procedures.
3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety
hazards.
3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes wherewhen safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user
mustshal
...