ASTM E956-83(2023)
(Classification)Standard Classification for Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
Standard Classification for Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been subdivided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E956 − 83 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Classification for
Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.75 mm (No. 4) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores
and Related Materials
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous
E753 Specification for Municipal Aluminum Scrap (MAS)
metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from
(Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
municipal waste destined for disposal.
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been subdi-
3. Terminology
vided according to processing history, nonferrous metal
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
content, size, and moisture content.
3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)—loose combus-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
tible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
wood, food wastes, and yard or lawn wastes, etc., which are not
and are not considered standard.
permanently attached to noncombustible objects. The LCOs
are defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. Standard
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sieve) as stated in Specification E11. A determination of LCOs
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is best done by sampling the material and handpicking, hand
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cleaning, and visually identifying the materials described
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
previously.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 mixed nonferrous metal content—mixed nonferrous
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
metals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and other nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Further
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
methods of separation and identification may be agreed upon
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
between purchaser and seller and can include picking or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dense-media separation.
3.1.3 moisture percent—liquid content, as determined by
2. Referenced Documents
weight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weight
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at 110 6 5 °C.
D2013/D2013M Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for
3.1.4 total combustibles—materials that include paints,
Analysis
lacquers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the original
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
nonferrous products, as well as combustible materials (paper,
Sieves
plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonfer-
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
rous product after it is manufactured.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
4. Significance and Use
E276 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis at
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of
mixed nonferrous metals.
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally 4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E956 – 83 (2015).
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
DOI: 10.1520/E0956-83R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E956 − 83 (2023)
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors, 6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of a
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and particular classification if the value for each component
4.2.5 Copper refiners. specified, as obtained by the test method agreed upon between
the purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits for
5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)
that grade.
5.1 This classification covers material either processed to
7. Physical Requirements
recover aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.
7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirements
5.2 This classification consists of four types of MNM, based
include the following:
on nonferrous metal content. The four types of MNM are
7.1.1 Bulk Density—The density for MNM is not specified
further subdivided into three grades, based on size. The three
and shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
grades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, based
7.1.2 Fineness—Acceptability of contained fines shall be
on moisture content.
determined by the purchaser and seller.
7.1.3 Loose Combustibles—As agreed upon between pur-
6. Ordering Information
chaser and seller.
6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using the
7.1.4 Magnetics—The presence of free magnetic material is
criteria in Table 1. This is an unusual material, and the table is
not specified and shall be as agreed upon between the pur-
included for information purposes rather than to establish
chaser and seller as part of the purchase contract.
limits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid the
8. Sampling
purchaser and seller in establishing a classification. Some of
the more common unit operations used to recover MNM 8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the procedures
described in Annex A1 or Annex A2. Either procedure may be
include the following:
6.1.1 Wet Processing—Water elutriators, dense media, and used, as determined by agreement between the purchaser and
the seller.
mineral jig.
6.1.2 Dry Processing—Air classifier, air knife, gravity or 8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.
concentrating table, Humphrey spiral, eddy-current separator, 8.1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.
electrostatic separator, and handpicking.
9. Test Methods
6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occur
9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, and
due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid waste stream. The
metal recovery in accordance with the procedures described in
criteria indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser and
Annex A3.
the seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.
10. Rejection and Rehearing
10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
TABLE 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals
A this classification may be rejected. Rejection should be re-
(MNM)
ported to the seller promptly and in writing. In case of
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Classification Over 90 % 50 to 90 % 30 to 50 % Less Than dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may make
MNM MNM MNM 30 % MNM
claim for a rehearing.
Grades 1 2 3
over 6 in. 2 to 6 in. under 2 in.
11. Shipping
(150 mm) (50 to 150 mm) incl (50 mm)
Class A B
11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars,
high (5 % moisture and over) low (under 5 % moisture)
trailers, or other containers as agreed upon between the
A
It is important for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had been
purchaser and the seller. The shipping equipment shall be
processed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recover
sufficiently watertight to prevent the MNM from becoming wet
aluminum and what, if any, procedures where used.
during shipment.
E956 − 83 (2023)
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF A SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS
A1.1 Scope
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection should be gathered with practice. Due to the heterogeneity in
of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse, size and type of material comprising municipal solid waste, the
and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for choice of a large sample is desirable.
analysis.
A1.4.2 Shredding is recommended for metals larger than 4
to 6 in. (100 to 150 mm) for ease in sampling and handling.
A1.2 Summary of Test Method
A1.5 Taking a Gross Sample
A1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap is taken
from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments.
A1.5.1 In order to obtain complete representation of mate-
Sample increments are taken at timed intervals from a full
rials in a gross sample, it is desirable that the sample incre-
cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by briefly
ments be withdrawn from the full cross section of the stream.
taking the total flow at the discharge of the conveyor while it
The best possible increment is either a full cross section
is moving.
removed from a stopped conveyor belt or the total flow at the
discharge of the moving conveyor taken during a suitable
A1.2.2 The quantity of gross sample may be further reduced
interval of time.
by mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.
A1.5.2 The choice of sample size can be estimated using
A1.3 General Precautions
Practice E122. It is imperative for a given degree of precision
A1.3.1 In solids sampling, each step must be designed to
that not le
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