ASTM D5764-97a(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Based Products
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Based Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The localized crushing behavior of wood or wood-base products beneath a fastener where the fastener does not bend provides a material property that is used in theoretical models for connections where crushing or fastener bending, or both, occur. These theoretical models are used to establish design values for wood and wood-base connections. The tests are appropriate when studying the effects of such variables as fastener diameter, fastener hole size, moisture content, specific gravity, and grain direction on the dowel-bearing strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides the basic procedure for evaluating dowel-bearing strength of wood and wood-based products. The bearing test results are used to determine the static load resistance and deformation characteristics of connections in wood and wood-base products resulting from the application of a load transmitted by a fastener inserted into a predrilled hole, or driven without drilling. Methods are given for preparing specimens with predrilled holes larger than the fastener diameter and specimens with holes produced by inserting fasteners in holes smaller than the fastener diameter. The methods apply to fasteners such as dowels, bolts, nails, spikes, drift pins, screws, lag screws, and staples.
1.2 This test method also provides the basis for determining the compression behavior of wood products beneath a laterally loaded fastener where the thickness of the product and the diameter of the fastener are such that minimal bending of the fastener occurs during testing.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5764 −97a (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-
Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5764; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.1 This test method provides the basic procedure for
3. Terminology
evaluating dowel-bearing strength of wood and wood-based
products. The bearing test results are used to determine the 3.1 Definitions:
static load resistance and deformation characteristics of con- 3.1.1 dowel-bearing behavior—the load-deformation be-
nections in wood and wood-base products resulting from the havior of wood or wood-base products laterally loaded by a
application of a load transmitted by a fastener inserted into a fastener where the fastener does not bend during loading.
predrilled hole, or driven without drilling. Methods are given
3.1.2 dowel-bearing strength—yield load obtained from the
for preparing specimens with predrilled holes larger than the
load-deformation curve of a dowel-bearing test divided by the
fastener diameter and specimens with holes produced by
dowel diameter and specimen thickness.
inserting fasteners in holes smaller than the fastener diameter.
The methods apply to fasteners such as dowels, bolts, nails,
4. Summary of Test Method
spikes, drift pins, screws, lag screws, and staples.
4.1 Specimens consisting of a single rectangular parallele-
1.2 This test method also provides the basis for determining
pipedmemberwithafastenerholeperpendiculartothefacesof
the compression behavior of wood products beneath a laterally
the member are evaluated for the resistance to embedding the
loaded fastener where the thickness of the product and the
fastener into the fastener hole, so as not to bend the fastener.
diameter of the fastener are such that minimal bending of the
Tests are conducted on a testing machine at a uniform
fastener occurs during testing.
deformation rate, while loads and deformation are measured at
various intervals. Supplementary physical properties of the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the wood or wood-base member are also determined.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The localized crushing behavior of wood or wood-base
products beneath a fastener where the fastener does not bend
2. Referenced Documents
provides a material property that is used in theoretical models
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for connections where crushing or fastener bending, or both,
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
occur. These theoretical models are used to establish design
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
values for wood and wood-base connections. The tests are
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
appropriate when studying the effects of such variables as
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
fastener diameter, fastener hole size, moisture content, specific
tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
gravity, and grain direction on the dowel-bearing strength.
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine capable
of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assemblies.
and having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally
dance with Practices E4.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5764 – 97a (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/D5764-97AR13.
6.2 Deformation Gage—A deformation-measuring device,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with a least reading of 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) for measuring the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
movement of the fastener into the wood or wood-base speci-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. men.
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D5764−97a (2013)
7. Sampling 8.2.2.1 For specimens that tend to split before the comple-
tion of the test, a full hole test configuration is allowed in Fig.
7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representative
2. Minimum dimensions shall be made large enough so
test specimens which are appropriate to the objectives of the
splitting does not occur during fabrication and not less than as
testing program.
follows (see Fig. 3):
7.2 Sample size shall be estimated using procedures in
Thickness $ the smaller of 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) or 2 dowel diameters
Practice D2915.
Width $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
Length:
NOTE 1—The precision required, the manner of sampling, and the
Loaded End $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
number of tests will depend upon the specific test objectives. General
Unloaded End $ the larger of 1 in. (50 mm) or 2 dowel diameters
experienceindicatesthatthecoefficientofvariationfromembedmenttests
8.2.3 Forwood-basepanelproducts,theminimumthickness
ranges from 15 to 30 %.
shall be the thickness of the panel. Minimum width and length
shall be the same as for solid wood.
8. Specimens
8.2.4 Fastener holes for fasteners that are installed in drilled
8.1 Wood members shall be selected, and the dowel posi-
holes that are equal to or greater than the fastener diameter
tioned in such a way that the results are not affected by knots,
shall be typical of those used in service. Drill the hole
cross grain, or other natural or manufacturing characteristics,
unless the objective of the study is to determine the effect of
such variables. Frequently, this will necessitate selecting mem-
bers which are essentially clear and straight grained. For
wood-based products, specimens shall be selected with regard
to manufactured characteristics.
8.2 Specimen Dimensions:
8.2.1 Specimens shall consist of a rectangular parallele-
piped member with half a dowel hole across one face (see Fig.
1).
8.2.2 For solid wood and wood composites, minimum
dimensions shall be made large enough so splitting does not
occur during fabrication and not less than as follows (see Fig.
1):
Thickness $ the smaller of 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm), or 2 dowel diameters
Width $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
Length $ the larger of 2 in. (50 mm) or 4 dowel diameters
NOTE 2—For driven dowels in species that tend to split, larger than
minimum dimensions are recommended to prevent splitting during
specimen preparation and testing.
NOTE 1—Half of the fastener hole is produced by drilling oversized
hole or by the method shown in Fig. 4.
FIG. 1Specimen Configuration FIG. 2 Schematic of Testing Setup—Full Hole
D5764−97a (2013)
NOTE 1—The procedure is as follows:
(1) Cut specimen at point where fastener is to be driven.
(2) Clamp the two pieces together with sufficient pressure to maintain
contact between adjoining faces during nailing.
(3) Drill lead hole in seam of abutting pieces.
(4) Drive fastener in lead hole.
(5) Remove clamps and smaller piece.
(6) The remaining piece is the test specimen with the fastene
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