ASTM E791-08(2016)

Standard Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is available to producers and users of RDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be expressed on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E791 − 08 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-
Determined to Different Bases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
H = hydroxygen, weight %,
O = oxygen, weight %, and
1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical
A = ash, weight %.
data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be
expressed on various different bases in common use. Such
3.2.2 Subscripts used in this test method are as follows:
bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
= as-determined,
ad
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
= as-received,
ar
standard.
= dry, and
d
= dry,ash-free(equivalenttomoistureandash-free,maf).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
daf
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 This test method is available to producers and users of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
RDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis to
another.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Applicable Parameters
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
5.1 The calculation procedures defined in 7.1.3, 7.2.2, and
7.3.2 are applicable to the following analysis parameters when
3. Terminology
expressed as a weight percent (except gross calorific value as
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
Btu/lb).
Terminology D5681.
5.1.1 Ash,
3.2 Symbols:
5.1.2 Carbon,
3.2.1 The symbols used in this test method are as follows:
5.1.3 Chloride, water-soluble,
5.1.4 Chlorine, total,
5.1.5 Calorific value (gross),
M = moisture, weight %,
5.1.6 Fixed carbon,
M = moisture as-received (total moisture), weight %,
ar
5.1.7 Nitrogen,
M = moisture as-determined (residual moisture),
ad
5.1.8 Sulfur, and
weight %,
5.1.9 Volatile matter.
ADL = air-dry loss, weight %,
P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %
6. Sampling
(except gross calorific value in Btu/lb),
6.1 Sampling techniques are not directly applicable to this
test method. However, sampling procedures are identified in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
the respective methods of analyses.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally 7. Methods for Calculating Data
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E791 – 08. DOI:
7.1 Converting from the as-determined analysis sample
10.1520/E0791-08R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or basis to the as-received basis:
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1.1 Moisture:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. M 5 M 3 100 2 ADL /100 1ADL (1)
@ ~ ! #
ar ad
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E791 − 08 (2016)
7.1.2 Hydrogen and Oxygen—Inasmuch as hydrogen and 7.3 Converting from the as-determined analysis sample
oxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing or basis to the dry, ash-free basis (see Note 1).
not containing the hydrogen and oxygen in water (moisture) 7.3.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:
associatedwiththesample,alternateconversionproceduresare
H 5 H 2 0.1119M 3 (10)
defined as follows: ~ !
daf ad ad
100 2 M 2 A
ad ad
7.1.2.1 Hydrogen and oxygen reported include hydrogen
and oxygen in water:
O 5 O 2 0.8881M 3 (11)
~ !
daf ad ad
100 2 M 2 A
ad ad
100 2 M
ar
H 5 H 2 0.1119M 3 10.119M (2)
F ~ ! G
ar ad ad ar 7.3.2 Other Parameters—The following equation is appli-
100 2 M
ad
cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:
100 2 M
ar
O 5 O 2 0.8881M 3 10.881M (3)
F ~ ! G
ar ad ad ar 100
100 2 M
ar
P 5 P 3 (12)
daf ad
100 2 M 2 A
ad ad
where:
NOTE 1—It may not always be practical to report some parameters on
a dry, ash-free basis due to oxidation of constituents as well as some
0.1119 = ratio of the weight of hydrogen in water to the
elements being retained in the ash. The data calculated are to a theoretical
molecular weight of water, and
base of no moisture or ash present in the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E791 − 08 E791 − 08 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-
Determined to Different Bases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be expressed
on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D5681.
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 The symbols used in this test method are as follows:
M = moisture, weight %,
M = moisture as-received (total moisture), weight %,
ar
M = moisture as-determined (residual moisture, weight %,
ad
M = moisture as-determined (residual moisture), weight %,
ad
ADL = air-dry loss, weight %,
P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight % (except gross calorific value in Btu/lb),
H = hydroxygen, weight %,
O = oxygen, weight %, and
A = ash, weight %.
3.2.2 Subscripts used in this test method are as follows:
= as-determined,
ad
= as-received,
ar
= dry, and
d
= dry, ash-free (equivalent to moisture and ash-free, maf).
daf
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is available to producers and users of RDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis to another.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2008October 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
E791 – 90E791 – 08.(2004). DOI: 10.1520/E0791-08.10.1520/E0791-08R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E791 − 08 (2016)
5. Applicable Parameters
5.1 The calculation procedures defined in 7.1.3, 7.2.2, and 7.3.2 are applicable to the following analysis parameters when
expressed as a weight percent (except gross calorific value as Btu/lb).
5.1.1 Ash,
5.1.2 Carbon,
5.1.3 Chloride, water-soluble,
5.1.4 Chlorine, total,
5.1.5 Calorific value (gross),
5.1.6 Fixed carbon,
5.1.7 Nitrogen,
5.1.8 Sulfur, and
5.1.9 Volatile matter.
6. Sampling
6.1 Sampling techniques are not directly applicable to this test method. However, sampling procedures are identified in the
respective methods of analyses.
7. Methods for Calculating Data
7.1 Converting from the as-determined analysis sample basis to the as-received basis:
7.1.1 Moisture:
M 5 @M 3~100 2 ADL!/100#1ADL (1)
ar ad
7.1.2 Hydrogen and Oxygen—Inasmuch as hydrogen and oxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing or not
containing the hydrogen and oxygen in water (moisture) associated with the sample, alternate conversion procedures are defined
as follows:
7.1.2.1 Hydrogen and oxygen reported include hydrogen and oxygen in water:
100 2 M
ar
H 5 H 2 0.1119 M 3 10.119 M (2)
F~ ! G
ar ad ad ar
100 2 M
ad
100 2 M
ar
O 5 O 2 0.8881 M 3 10.881 M (3)
F~ ! G
ar ad ad ar
100 2 M
ar
where:
0.1119 = ratio of the weight of hydrogen in water to the molecular weight of water, and
0.8881 = ratio of the weight of oxygen in water to the molecular weight of water.
7.1.2.2 Hydrogen and oxygen reported do not include hydrogen and oxygen in water:
100 2 M
ar
H 5 H 2 0.1119 M 3 (4)
~ !
ar ad ad
100 2 M
ad
100 2 M
ar
O 5 O 2 0.881 M 3 (5)
~ !
ar ad ad
100 2 M
ad
7.1.3 Other Parameters—The following equation is applicable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:
100 2 M
ar
P 5 P 3 (6)
ar ad
100 2 M
ad
7.2 Converting from the as-determined analysis sample basis to the
...