ASTM E777-23

Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard is intended to provide a method for determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in an RDF analysis sample.  
5.2 Carbon and hydrogen are components of RDF and, when determined, can be used for calculating RDF combustion characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one analysis. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water of hydration.  
Note 1: It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.  
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E777 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-
1
Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method is for the determination of total carbon
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
carbon and hydrogen are determined in one analysis. This test
E790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in Refuse-Derived
method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in
Fuel Analysis Samples
RDF as analyzed and the results include not only carbon and
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel
hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in
Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydro-
Laboratory Samples for Analysis
gen present as water of hydration.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data
derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as
Terminology D5681.
carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis
sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste
4.1 The determination is made by burning the sample to
material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be
convert carbon to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water. The
prepared.
combustion is carried out using high-purity oxygen that has
been passed through a purifying train. The carbon dioxide and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
water are recovered in an absorption train. Combustion tube
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
packing is used to remove interfering substances. This test
standard.
method gives the total percentage of carbon and hydrogen in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the RDF as analyzed, including the carbon in carbonates and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the hydrogen in water.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 5. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This standard is intended to provide a method for
For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.
determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in an
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
RDF analysis sample.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 Carbon and hydrogen are components of RDF and,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
when determined, can be used for calculating RDF combustion
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
characteristics.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Oxygen Purifying Train—High-purity oxygen is passed
through water and carbon dioxide absorbers prior to use for
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
2
Recovery and Reuse. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E777 – 17a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0777-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E777 − 23
combustion. The oxygen purifying train consists of the follow- 6.3.2 Furnace Section 2—Furnace 2 shall be approximately
ing three components in order of gas passage (see Fig. 1)
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E777 − 17a E777 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-
1
Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is for the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon
and hydrogen are determined in one analysis. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as
analyzed and the results include not only carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral
carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water
of hydration.
NOTE 1—It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These
corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the
calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
E790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Samples
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017April 1, 2023. Published December 2017April 2023. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
E777 – 17.E777 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/E0777-17A.10.1520/E0777-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E777 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D5681.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The determination is made by burning the sample to convert carbon to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water. The combustion
is carried out using high-purity oxygen that has been passed through a purifying train. The carbon dioxide and water are recovered
in an absorption train. Combustion tube packing is used to remove interfering substances. This test method gives the total
percentage of carbon and hydrogen in the RDF as analyzed, including the carbon in carbonates and the hydrogen in water.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This standard is intended to provide a method for determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in an RDF analysis
sample.
5.2 Carbon and hydrogen are components of RDF and, when determined, can be used for calculating RDF combustion
characteristics.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Oxygen Purifying Train—High-purity oxygen is passed through water and carbon dioxide absorbers prior to use for
com
...