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ASTM D7864/D7864M-15(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of Geogrids

Standard Test Method for Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of Geogrids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aperture stability modulus is a measure of the in-plane shear modulus, which is a function of other geogrid characteristics, most notably junction stability, flexural rib stiffness, and rib tensile modulus.  
5.2 The test data can be used in conjunction with interpretive methods to evaluate the geogrid aperture stability at various traffic loads and base/subgrade conditions.
Note 1: Aperture stability modulus is referenced in the FHWA Geosynthetics Design and Construction Guidelines (2008) as an input parameter for the design of geogrid-reinforced unpaved roads using punched and drawn biaxial geogrids. Geogrids of different manufacturing process and material composition may use this property in calibration and validation of their material within the associated design.  
5.3 This test method is not intended for routine acceptance testing of geogrid. This test method should be used to characterize geogrid intended for use in applications in which aperture stability is considered relevant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring the Aperture Stability Modulus of a geogrid. (The terms “Secant Aperture Stability Modulus,” “Torsional Rigidity Modulus,” “In-plane Shear Modulus,” and “Torsional Stiffness Modulus” have been used in the literature to describe this same property.)  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the in-plane stability of a geogrid by clamping a center node and measuring the stiffness over an area of the geogrid. This test method is applicable for various types of geogrid.  
1.3 This test method is intended to provide characteristic properties for design. The test method was developed for pavement and subgrade improvement calibrated design methods requiring input of aperture stability modulus.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.01 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4354-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D7864/D7864M-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of GeogridsASTM D7864/D7864M-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of Geogrids
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ASTM D7864/D7864M-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of Geogrids
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7864/D7864M − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of Geogrids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7864/D7864M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Aperture Stability Modulus of a geogrid. (The terms “Secant D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
Aperture Stability Modulus,” “Torsional Rigidity Modulus,” Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
“In-plane Shear Modulus,” and “Torsional Stiffness Modulus” D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3
have been used in the literature to describe this same property.) 2.2 FHWA Document:
FHWA Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the in-plane
(2008)
stability of a geogrid by clamping a center node and measuring
the stiffness over an area of the geogrid. This test method is
3. Terminology
applicable for various types of geogrid.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This test method is intended to provide characteristic
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in this test
properties for design. The test method was developed for
method, refer to Terminology D4439.
pavement and subgrade improvement calibrated design meth-
3.1.2 geogrid, n—a geosynthetic formed by a regular net-
ods requiring input of aperture stability modulus.
work of integrally connected elements with apertures greater
1
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units than 6.35 mm [ ⁄4 in.] to allow interlocking with surrounding
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in soil, rock, earth, and other surrounding materials to primarily
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to function as reinforcement.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
used independently of the other, and values from the two
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
systems shall not be combined.
set of specimens with respect to property of interest.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 aperture—the openings between adjacent ribs forming
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
an angle which enable soil interlocking to occur.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.2 aperture stability modulus—a measure of the in-plane
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
torsional stiffness of a geogrid. This is defined as torque
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
divided by the rotation at that torque.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.3 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured from poly-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
meric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
engineering material as integral part of a man-made project,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
structure, or system.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cal Properties. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally Available from U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7864/D7864M – 15. Administration, 1200 New Jersey Ave., SE, Washington, DC 20590, http://
DOI: 10.1520/D7864_D7864M-15R23. www.fhwa.dot.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7864/D7864M − 15 (2023)
3.2.4 initial aperture stability modulus, n—the change in 5. Significance and Use
moment at 0.5 and 1.0 N-m [4.4 and 8.8 lbf-in.], resp
...

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1.1 This standard practice describes standard procedures for using a conductive geotextile with electrical methods to locate leaks in exposed geomembranes and geomembranes covered with water or earth materials containing moisture.  
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5.2 This test method has been found to provide representative results for products exhibiting a planar structure, such as two-dimensional knits.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test which provides a procedure for determining the strength of an individual geogrid junction, also called a node. The test is configured such that a single rib is pulled from its junction with a rib(s) transverse to the test direction to obtain the maximum force, or strength of the junction. The procedure allows for the use of two different clamps with the appropriate clamp selected to minimize the influence of the clamping mechanism on the specific type of geogrid to be tested.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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