ASTM D3710-95(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline by GC distillation provides an insight into the composition of the components from which the gasoline has been blended. This insight also provides essential data necessary to calculate the vapor pressure of gasoline, which has been traditionally determined by Test Method D 323. In addition, the Test Method D 86 distillation curve can be predicted using GCD data. See Annex A1.
The GCD method facilitates online controls at the refinery, and its results offer improved means of describing several car performance parameters. These parameters include: (1) car-starting index, (2) vapor-lock index or vapor-liquid ratio, and (3) warm-up index. The car-starting and vapor-lock indexes have been found to be mostly affected by the front end of the Test Method D 86 distillation curve (up to about 200°F (93°C)). The warm-up index is affected by the middle and to a lesser extent by the back end of the Test Method D 86 curve, that is, the temperatures corresponding to the 50 to 90 % off range. Since the boiling range distribution provides fundamental information on composition, an improved expression for the above performance parameters may be worked out, even when the boiling range distribution curve is not smooth. Currently, car performance cannot be assessed accurately under such conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline and gasoline components. This test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions with a final boiling point of 500°F (260°C) or lower as measured by this test method.
1.2 This test method is designed to measure the entire boiling range of gasoline and gasoline components with either high or low Reid vapor pressure and is commonly referred to as gas chromatography (GC) distillation (GCD).
1.3 This test method has not been validated for gasolines containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols or ethers).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 9, 10, 11, and 15.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3710–95 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline
1
Fractions by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheboiling 3.1 Definitions:
range distribution of gasoline and gasoline components. This 3.1.1 final boiling point (FBP)—the point at which a cumu-
test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions lative volume count equal to 99.5% of the total volume count
with a final boiling point of 500°F (260°C) or lower as under the chromatogram is obtained.
measured by this test method. 3.1.2 initial boiling point (IBP)—the point at which a
1.2 This test method is designed to measure the entire cumulative volume count equal to 0.5% of the total volume
boiling range of gasoline and gasoline components with either count under the chromatogram is obtained.
high or low Reid vapor pressure and is commonly referred to 3.1.3 relative molar response—the measured area of a
as gas chromatography (GC) distillation (GCD). compound divided by the moles present in the synthetic
1.3 This test method has not been validated for gasolines mixture relative to an arbitrarily chosen component.
containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols or 3.1.4 response factor—a constant of proportionality that
ethers). converts area to liquid volume.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1.5 system noise—the difference between the maximum
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for and minimum area readings per second for the first 20 area
information only. readings in the blank run.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.6 volume count—the product of the area under a peak
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and a response factor.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard 4.1 The sample is introduced into a gas chromatographic
column which separates hydrocarbons in boiling point order.
statements, see Note 9 and 7.2.
Conditionsareselectedsoastomeasureisopentaneandlighter
2. Referenced Documents
saturates discretely. Normal pentane and heavier compounds
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: are not completely resolved but are measured as pseudo
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at components of narrow boiling range. The column temperature
Atmospheric Pressure is raised at a reproducible rate and the area under the
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod- chromatogram is recorded throughout the run. Boiling tem-
ucts (Reid Method) peraturesareassignedtothetimeaxisfromacalibrationcurve,
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) obtained under the same conditions by running a known
Gases (Manual Method) mixture of hydrocarbons covering the boiling range expected
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and inthesample.Fromthesedatatheboilingrangedistributionof
Petroleum Products the sample is obtained.
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.1 The determination of the boiling range distribution of
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
gasoline by GC distillation provides an insight into the
D02.04 on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
composition of the components from which the gasoline has
e1
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D3710–99 .
been blended. This insight also provides essential data neces-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sarytocalculatethevaporpressureofgasoline,whichhasbeen
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on traditionallydeterminedbyTestMethodD323.Inaddition,the
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3710–95 (2004)
higher temperatures only serves to shorten the useful life of the detector,
Test Method D86 distillation curve can be predicted using
and generally contribute
...
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