ASTM D4547-03

Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds

SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This class of compounds includes low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and sulfides with boiling points below 200° Celsius (C) that are insoluble or slightly soluble in water.
1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and preparation for analysis are described.
1.3 This guide does not cover the details of sampling design, laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the samples.
1.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.2 and 8.1.1 for specific warnings.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2003
• ICS: 13.080.05 - Examination of soils in general
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.02 - Sampling Techniques

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4547-98 - Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4547-06 - Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6044-21 - Standard Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6051-15(2023) - Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6907-22 - Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6640-21 - Standard Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Investigations
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6323-19 - Standard Guide for Laboratory Subsampling of Media Related to Waste Management Activities
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1963-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6232-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7204-15 - Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5679-16 - Standard Practice for Sampling Consolidated Solids in Drums or Similar Containers
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5830-22 - Standard Test Method for Solvents Analysis in Hazardous Waste Using Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6009-19 - Standard Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8170-20 - Standard Guide for Using Disposable Handheld Soil Core Samplers for the Collection and Storage of Soil for Volatile Organic Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4547–03
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Data Quality Objectives
D 6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and
D 6418 Practice for Using the Disposable En Core Sampler
sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile
for Sampling and Storing Soil for Volatile OrganicAnaly-
organic compounds (VOCs).This class of compounds includes
sis
low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated
D 6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Ob-
hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and
tained in Core Barrel Samplers for Enviromental Investi-
sulfides with boiling points below 200° Celsius (C) that are
gations
insoluble or slightly soluble in water.
E 856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating to
1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse-Derived
preparation for analysis are described.
Fuel
1.3 Thisguidedoesnotcoverthedetailsofsamplingdesign,
2.2 Federal Standard:
laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the
Title 49 Transportation, Code of Federal Regulations
samples.
(CFR), Part 172, List of Hazardous Substances and
1.4 Itisrecommendedthatthisguidebeusedinconjunction
3
Reportable Quantities
with Guide D 4687.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 sample, n—a portion of material taken from a larger
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
quantity for the purpose of estimating properties or composi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion of the larger quantity. (E 856)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.2 and 8.1.1
3.2 subsample, n—a portion of a sample taken for the
for specific warnings.
purpose of estimating properties or composition of the whole
2. Referenced Documents sample. (D 6051)
2
3.2.1 Discussion—A subsample, by definition, is also a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sample.
D 3550 Practice for Thick Wall Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
Drive Sampling of Soils
4. Summary of Guide
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
4.1 This guide addresses the use of tools for sample collec-
D 4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
tion and transfer, conditions for sample storage, sample pres-
D 5058 Test Methods for Compatibility of Screening
ervation, and two common means of sample preparation for
Analysis of Waste
analysis. Special attention is given to each step from sample
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
collectiontoanalysistolimitthelossofVOCsbyvolatilization
Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of
and biodegradation. The sample collected and analyzed should
be representative of the matrix material sampled. The two
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste methods cited for the preparation of samples for VOC analysis
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
are methanol extraction and vapor partitioning (that is, purge-
Monitoring.
and-trapandheadspace).Themethodofsamplepreparationfor
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4547 - 98.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4547–03
VOC analysis should be consistent with the data quality 6.1.1 Sample collection, handling, and preservation meth-
objectives (see Practice D 5792). ods should be compatible with the method used to prepare the
sample for VOC analysis, and meet the project’s data quality
5. Significance and Use
objectives (see Practice D 5792). Preparation of a sample for
5.1 This guide describes sample collection and handling
instrumental an
...