ASTM E1476-04(2014)

Standard Guide for Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from melting to their final application. This involves the use of standard quality assurance practices and procedures throughout the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at warehouses and materials receiving, and during fabrication and final installation of the product. These practices typically involve standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are used to assess the entire lot using statistical methods. Statistical quality assurance methods are usually effective; however, mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical properties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals industry. A more comprehensive verification of product properties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques, and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identities of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.  
4.2 Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitoring grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis, for monitoring properties such as hardness and case depth, and for verifying the effectiveness of heat treatment, cold-working, and the like. They are quite often used in the field for solving problems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.  
4.3 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide provide both direct and indirect responses to the sample being evaluated. Spectrometric analysis instruments respond to the presence and percents of alloying constituents. The electromagnetic (eddy current) and thermoelectric methods, on the other hand, are among those that respond to pr...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.  
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting or identification problems.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2014
• ICS: 77.020 - Production of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.10 - Specialized NDT Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1476 −04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E977Practice for Thermoelectric Sorting of Electrically
Conductive Materials
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It
F355TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures
Systems and Materials
for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.
F1156Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protec-
3
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of
tion Systems (Withdrawn 2001)
methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting
or identification problems.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this guide are defined in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
standards cited in Section 2 and in current technical literature
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or dictionaries; however, because a number of terms that are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
used generally in nondestructive testing have meanings or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
carry implications unique to metal sorting, they appear with
precautionary statements, see Section 10.
explanation in Appendix X1.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and
E158Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert
users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from
Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spec-
melting to their final application. This involves the use of
3
trochemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2004)
standardqualityassurancepracticesandproceduresthroughout
E305Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic
the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at ware-
Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
housesandmaterialsreceiving,andduringfabricationandfinal
E322Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and
installation of the product. These practices typically involve
CastIronsbyWavelengthDispersiveX-RayFluorescence
standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product
Spectrometry
acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a
E566PracticeforElectromagnetic(EddyCurrent)Sortingof
production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable
Ferrous Metals
through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are
E572TestMethodforAnalysisofStainlessandAlloySteels
usedtoassesstheentirelotusingstatisticalmethods.Statistical
byWavelengthDispersiveX-RayFluorescenceSpectrom-
quality assurance methods are usually effective; however,
etry
mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical proper-
E703PracticeforElectromagnetic(EddyCurrent)Sortingof
ties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals
Nonferrous Metals
industry. A more comprehensive verification of product prop-
erties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to
supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected
tiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized
production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identi-
NDT Methods.
ties of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1476-04(2010). DOI:
4.2 Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitor-
10.1520/E1476-04R14.
2
inggradeduringproductiononacontinuousorstatisticalbasis,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
formonitoringpropertiessuchashardnessandcasedepth,and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
forverifyingtheeffectivenessofheattreatment,cold-working,
the ASTM website.
3
and the like. They are quite often used in the field for solving
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. problems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1476 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) E1476 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures for the
nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting or
identification problems.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E158 Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spectrochemical
3
Analysis (Withdrawn 2004)
E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
E322 Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and Cast Irons by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry
E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
E572 Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E703 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Nonferrous Metals
E977 Practice for Thermoelectric Sorting of Electrically Conductive Materials
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems and Materials
3
F1156 Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protection Systems (Withdrawn 2001)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this guide are defined in the standards cited in Section 2 and in current technical literature or
dictionaries; however, because a number of terms that are used generally in nondestructive testing have meanings or carry
implications unique to metal sorting, they appear with explanation in Appendix X1.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from melting
to their final application. This involves the use of standard quality assurance practices and procedures throughout the various stages
of manufacturing and processing, at warehouses and materials receiving, and during fabrication and final installation of the
product. These practices typically involve standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product acceptance standards,
which are slow. Several pieces from a production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable through mechanical and chemical
testing, and the results are used to assess the entire lot using statistical methods. Statistical quality assurance methods are usually
effective; however, mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical properties remain the primary causes for claims in the
metals industry. A more comprehensive verification of product properties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized NDT
Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010June 1, 2014. Published November 2010July 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
E1476 - 04.E1476 - 04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/E1476-04R10.10.1520/E1476-04R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1476 − 04 (2014)
supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques, and to monitor chemical and physical properties at se
...