ASTM D500-95(2023)

Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. Water by distillation with volatile solvent and moisture and volatile matter by hot-plate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Titration test, extraction-titration test, and ash-gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified. Total desulfated fatty matter, total active ingredients, unsaponifiable non-volatile matter, inorganic salts, total alkalinity, and total ammonia shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. In the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method, brine test method, and in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. Water-immiscible organic solvents volatile with steam shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Section  
Moisture:  
Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent  
4 – 9  
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method  
10 – 14  
Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:  
Test Method A. Titration Test  
15 – 19  
Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test  
20 – 24  
Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True
Sulfonates)  
25 – 28  
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter  
29 – 32  
Total Active Ingredients  
33 – 36  
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter  
37 – 41  
Inorganic Salts  
42 – 46  
Total Alkalinity  
47 – 49  
Total Ammonia  
50 – 52  
Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:  
Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
53 – 56  
Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)  
57 – 60  
Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
61 – 63  
Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam  
64 – 70  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2023
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D500 − 95 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Methods of
1
Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of
sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear
2. Referenced Documents
in the following order:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Section
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Moisture:
Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent 4 – 9
3. Purity of Reagents
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method 10 – 14
Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:
3.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Test Method A. Titration Test 15 – 19
Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test 20 – 24 used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True 25 – 28
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Sulfonates)
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter 29 – 32
3
Total Active Ingredients 33 – 36 where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter 37 – 41
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Inorganic Salts 42 – 46
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
Total Alkalinity 47 – 49
Total Ammonia 50 – 52
accuracy of the determination.
Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:
3.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine 53 – 56
Soaps
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the 57 – 60
to Specification D1193.
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)
Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine 61 – 63
MOISTURE
Soaps
Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam 64 – 70
Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
4. Scope
may be approximate.
4.1 This test method covers the determination of water
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
distilling the sample with a volatile solvent. The method is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
applicable only to sulfonated and sulfated oils that do not
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
contain the following: mineral acids, free sulfonic acids, or free
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sulfuric acid esters; or alkali hydroxides, carbonates or ac-
Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and
etates; or alcohol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, acetone, or other
materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
water-miscible volatile compounds.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on the ASTM website.
3
Soaps and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and
on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Compo- Standard-Grade Reference Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington,
nents. DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset,
in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D500 – 95 (2016). DOI: U.K., and the United S
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