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ASTM F1466-99

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications

Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing nominally 29% nickel, 17% cobalt, and 53% iron, the latter, (UNS No. K94620), nominally 27% nickel, 25% cobalt and 48% iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to both alloys.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-1999
ICS
21.140 - Seals, glands
77.080.10 - Irons
Technical Committee
F01 - Electronics
Drafting Committee
F01.03 - Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F1466-99(2005) - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005

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ASTM F1466-99 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing ApplicationsASTM F1466-99 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications
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ASTM F1466-99 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1466 – 99
Standard Specification for
Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1466; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E140 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys,
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing nominally 29%
Materials with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
nickel, 17% cobalt, and 53% iron, the latter, (UNS No.
E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
K94620), nominally 27% nickel, 25% cobalt and 48% iron,
Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic and Other Similar Iron,
in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
ceramics,forvacuumelectronicapplications.Unlessotherwise
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in Steel and in Iron,
indicated, all articles apply to both alloys.
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E1060 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Spectro-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
chemical Methods of Analysis
information only.
F15 Specification for Iron-Nickel-Colbalt Sealing Alloy
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test
method portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specification. This
3. Ordering Information
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
the following information:
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1.2 Size,
tions prior to use.
3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),
3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 19), and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 Certification, if required. Please note that certification
D1971 Practices for Digestion of Samples for Determina-
should include traceability of the heat to the original manufac-
tion of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption or Plasma
turer.
Emission Spectroscopy
E3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
4. Chemical Requirements
E8 TestMethodsforTensionTestingofMetallicMaterials
4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as to
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
3 chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
5. Surface Lubricants
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,
E45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of
3 such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
Steel
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-
3 solvents.
rials
6. Temper
1 6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified in
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-1 on
the purchase order.
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published March 1999. Originally
{1
published as F 1466–93. Last previous edition F 1466–93 .
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1466
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and Rod
Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)
NOTE 1—Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in the
Temper
last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in UNS No. K94620
Designation
UNS No. K94630
(Nominal Values)
accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
A 85 (586) max 85 (586) max
Element UNS No. K94630 UNS No. K94620
B 85 to 105 (586 to 724) 85 to 100 (586 to 689)
A A
Iron, nominal remainder remainder
C 95 to 115 (655 to 793) 95 to 110 (655 to 758)
A A
Nickel, nominal 29 27
D 105 to 125 (724 to 862) 105 to 120 (724 to 827)
A A
Cobalt, nominal 17 25
E 125 (862) min 120 (827) min
Manganese, max 0.35 0.35
Silicon, max 0.15 0.15
Carbon, max 0.02 0.02
B B
Aluminum, max 0.01 0.01
8. Hardness
B B
Magnesium, max 0.01 0.01
B B
Zirconium, max 0.01 0.01
8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper—For deep drawing, the hard-
B B
Titanium, max 0.01 0.01
nessshallnotexceed82HRBformaterial0.100in.(2.54mm)
Copper, max 0.20 0.20
and less in thickness, and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in.
Chromium, max 0.03 0.03
Molybdenum, max 0.06 0.06 inthicknesswhendeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethods
C C
Phosphorus, max 0.006 0.006
E18. See also Test Method E92 for Vickers Hardness Testing
C C
Sulfur, max 0.006 0.006
and tables in E 140.
A
Theiron,nickel,andcobaltrequirementsarenominalandmaybeadjustedby
8.2 Rolled and Annealed Tempers—Hardness tests when
themanufacturertomeettherequirementsforthecoefficientofthermalexpansion
as specified in 12.1. properlyappliedcanbeindicativeoftensilestrength.Hardness
B
The total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed
scales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall be
0.04 %.
C negotiated between supplier and purchaser.
The total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.010. %.
9. Tensile Strength
6.2 Tube—Unless otherwise agreed upon between the sup-
9.1 Strip and Sheet:
plier or the manufacturer and the purchaser, these forms shall
9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
begivenafinalbrightannealbythemanufacturerandsupplied
rejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conform
in the annealed temper.
with the requirements prescribed.
6.3 Strip and Sheet—These forms shall be supplied in one
9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-
of the tempers given in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as
dinalaxisisparalleltothedirectionofrollingandthetestshall
specified.
be performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.
6.4 Wire and Rod—These forms shall be supplied in one of
9.2 Wire and Rod:
the tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwise
9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
specified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied in
rejection for the tempers given inTable 3 and shall conform to
Temper A (annealed).
the requirements prescribed.
NOTE 1—For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grinding to 9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with Test
remove scale, is an acceptable alternate.
Methods E8.
7. Grain Size
10. Surface Finish
7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an average
10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be those
grain size not larger thanASTM No. 5 (Note 2), and no more
resulting from the following operations:
than 10% of the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when
10.1.1 Hot rolling,
measured in accordance with Test Methods E112.
10.1.2 Forging,
10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
NOTE 2—This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16
grains/in. of image at 1003. 10.1.4 Belt polishing,
10.1.5 Cold rolling, and
7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall be
10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing.
negotiated between user and supplier.
11. Inclusion Content
TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and Sheet
11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet—These product forms
Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)
shallbefreeofinclusions,cracks,blowholesandotherdefects
Temper Temper
UNS No. K94620
Designation Name
that are detrimental to the quality of subsequent product. The
UNS No. K94630
(Nominal Values)
maximum inclusion rating number shall be 2 for Inclusion
A annealed 82 max (565 max) 85 max (586 max)
Types,A, B, C and D in both the thin and heavy series shown
B ⁄4hard 75to90(517to 85 to 100 (586 to
in Plate I using Practice E45, Method A, Worst-Field Tech-
621) 689)
C half hard 85 to 100 (586 to 95 to 110 (655 to
nique.
689) 758)
D ⁄4 hard 95 to 110 (655 to 105 to 120 (724 to
NOTE 3—Thetestforinclusionsmaybeperformedonbilletsections.In
758) 827)
suchcases,thesamplesectionmustincluderegionsthatcorrespondtothe
E hard 100 min (689 min) 120 min (827 min)
top of the ingot.
F 1466
NOTE 4—Product section size information at which the inclusion NOTE 5—Asuggested etchant is a solution of three parts by volume of
ratings were taken should be included. concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of concentrated nitric acid
saturated with cupric chloride (CuCl ·2H O). This etchant is more
2 2
12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
effective when allowed to stand for 20 min after mixing. After several
hours it loses its strength and should be discarded at the end of the day.
12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansion
Etching is best accomplished by swabbing the specimen with cotton
shall be within the limits specified in Tab
...

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ASTM F1466-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the property requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. The two alloys covered here are UNS K94630 that contains nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, and UNS K94620 that contains nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron. When tested, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, tensile strength, hardness, inclusion content, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
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1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, the latter, (UNS No. K94620), nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to both alloys.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the property requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. The two alloys covered here are UNS K94630 that contains nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, and UNS K94620 that contains nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron. When tested, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, tensile strength, hardness, inclusion content, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
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1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, the latter, (UNS No. K94620), nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to both alloys.  
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ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

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This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
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1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
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FIG. 1 Bored Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging bore surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging centerline surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 3 Conversion Factors to Be Used in Conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 if a Change in the Reference Reflector Diameter is Required
1.4 Considerable verification data for this method have been generated which indicate that even under controlled conditions very significant uncertainties may exist in estimating natural discontinuities in terms of minimum equivalent size flat-bottom holes. The possibility exists that the estimated minimum areas of natural discontinuities in terms of minimum areas of the comparison flat-bottom holes may differ by 20 dB (factor of 10) in terms of actual areas of natural discontinuities. This magnitude of inaccuracy does not apply to all results but should be recognized as a possibility. Rigid control of the actual frequency used, the coil bandpass width if tuned instruments are used, and so forth, tend to reduce the overall inaccuracy which is apt to develop.  
1.5 This practice for inspection applies to solid cylindrical forgings having outer diameters of not less than 2.5 in. [64 mm] nor greater than 100 in. [2540 mm]. It also applies to cylindrical forgings with concentric cylindrical bores having wall thicknesses of 2.5 [64 mm] in. or greater, within the same outer diameter limits as for solid cylinders. For solid sections less than 15 in. [380 mm] in diameter and for bored cylinders of less than 7.5 in. [190 mm] wall thickness the transducer used for the inspection will be different than the transducer used for larger sections.  
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ASTM C394/C394M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials

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5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.
Note 3: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.  
5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).
Note 4: If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1178/C1178M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Panel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall consist of a noncombustible water-resistant gypsum core, surfaced with glass mat, partially or completely embedded in the core, and with a water-resistant coating on one surface. The specimens shall be tested for flexural strength, humidified deflection, core hardness, end hardness, edge hardness, nail pull resistance, water resistance, and surface water absorption. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall have surfaces true and free of imperfections that render the panel unfit for its designed use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F319-19(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C364/C364M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Edgewise Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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