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ASTM

ASTM C1208/C1208M-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels

Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe to be used in microtunneling, pilot tube microtunneling, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water. Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures, yields a product that conforms to this specification. Pipes of nominal diameters shall meet the prescribed bearing strength requirements. The clay pipe shall undergo the following tests: compressive strength test; hydrostatic pressure test; absorption test; and acid resistance test. The pipe shall conform to the required sizes and dimensions. The pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than a specified value when the maximum offset is measured from the concave side of the pipe. The pipe wall thickness shall be a suitable dimension to adequately distribute the field jacking forces. There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the carrel, visible to the unaided eye. Chips, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not exceed a specified value in any surface dimension and shall not exceed a required depth of the minimum thickness of the barrel. Principles of joint design, test requirements, and test methods for assembled joints shall also be indicated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe to be used in microtunneling, sliplining, pipe bursting, in casings, and in tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.
1.1.1 Sections 3 through 7 and 9 of this specification contain manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and product marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.
1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.
1.2 This specification also covers materials and test requirements for jointing of the pipe.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2004
ICS
23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
Technical Committee
C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
Drafting Committee
C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1208/C1208M-02 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1208/C1208M-08 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008

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ASTM C1208/C1208M-04 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and TunnelsASTM C1208/C1208M-04 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
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ASTM C1208/C1208M-04 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1208/C 1208M – 04
Standard Specification for
Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling,
1
Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1208/C 1208M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
Clay Pipe Lines
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manu-
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
facture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field
C 1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration and Exfil-
acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe
tration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
to be used in microtunneling, pilot tube microtunneling,
D 395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the
Set
conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
1.1.1 Sections3through7and9ofthisspecificationcontain
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and prod-
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
uct marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe
D 518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
prior to installation.
Cracking
1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the
D 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.
Chemical Reagents
1.2 This specification also covers materials and test require-
D 573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
ments for jointing of the pipe.
Oven
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
D 1149 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
Ozone Cracking in a Chamber
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
Hardness
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
3. Terminology
cation.
3.1 Definitions— Terminology C 896 can be used for clari-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fication of terminology in this specification.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
PIPE
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay,
2. Referenced Documents
shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures,
C 67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
yields a product that conforms to this specification.
Structural Clay Tile
4.2 Test Requirements for Pipe:
C 301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
4.2.1 Test Samples:
4.2.1.1 When requested, test samples representative of the
pipe to be used shall be selected by the purchaser or his
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
representative from the supplier’s stock.
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on
4.2.1.2 The number of samples to be tested shall not exceed
Methods of Test and Specifications.
0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except that
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1208/C 1208M–02.
no less than three samples shall be tested.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2.1.3 If any of the test samples fail to meet the require-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ments of 4.2.2 through 4.2.5, the manufacturer will be allowed
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to retest two additional samples representative of the original
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 1208/C 1208M – 04
TABLE 1 Three Edge Bearing Strength
4.2.3.5 The test load on the specimen shall be centered
Nominal Diameter, in. Bearing Strength, lb/linear ft axially on the ends of the cylinder.
4.
...

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Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe to be used in microtunneling, pilot tube microtunneling, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water. Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures, yields a product that conforms to this specification. Pipes of nominal diameters shall meet the prescribed bearing strength requirements. The clay pipe shall undergo the following tests: compressive strength test; hydrostatic pressure test; absorption test; and acid resistance test. The pipe shall conform to the required sizes and dimensions. The pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than a specified value when the maximum offset is measured from the concave side of the pipe. The pipe wall thickness shall be a suitable dimension to adequately distribute the field jacking forces. There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the carrel, visible to the unaided eye. Chips, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not exceed a specified value in any surface dimension and shall not exceed a required depth of the minimum thickness of the barrel. Principles of joint design, test requirements, and test methods for assembled joints shall also be indicated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay jacking pipe to be used in microtunneling, the pilot tube method, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.  
1.1.1 Sections 3 through 7 and 9 of this specification contain manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and product marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.  
1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.  
1.2 This specification also covers materials and test requirements for jointing of the pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ASTM C301-18(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Meaning and Suitability—The tests called for herein, from their results, indicate the suitability and acceptability of vitrified clay pipe for specifications acceptance, design purposes, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the techniques of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation. Tests using whole pipe determines the resistance to crushing and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the amount of water absorption of the pipe body and the quantity of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.
Note 1: The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be referenced for further information: Practice C12 and Test Method C828; Specifications C425 and C700.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers extra strength and standard strength vitrified clay pipe and fittings to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water; and extra strength perforated and standard strength perforated vitrified clay pipe to be used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations. Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures. Pipe shall meet the bearing strength requirements prescribed. The manufacturer shall at his option, apply either a hydrostatic pressure test or an absorption test to all of the test specimens in each size and run of the pipe. The absorption of vitrified clay pipe shall not exceed 8%. The acid resistance test is used to determine the resistance of pipe to the action of acids encountered in sanitary sewers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of extra strength and standard strength vitrified clay pipe and fittings to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water; and extra strength perforated and standard strength perforated vitrified clay pipe to be used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations.  
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Note 1: Attention is called to Specification C425, Test Method C828, Test Method C1091, Test Methods C301, and Terminology C896.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Test Method portion, 5.2 – 5.2.3.2 of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.1 This specification covers the manufacturing requirements for circular concrete pipe that is intended to be installed using pipe jacking techniques. The typical use of this type of pipe is for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, utilities, or personnel.  
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1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and acceptance of reinforced precast concrete end sections for pipe, herein referred to as “end section(s),” to conform to the owner's requirements.
Note 1: End sections include but are not limited to; flared end sections; sloped end sections; parallel end sections, precast end walls; precast headwalls; etc. (see Fig. 1 for examples); or as designated by the owner.
FIG. 1 Examples of Various Precast End Sections for Pipe
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Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe to be used in microtunneling, pilot tube microtunneling, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water. Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures, yields a product that conforms to this specification. Pipes of nominal diameters shall meet the prescribed bearing strength requirements. The clay pipe shall undergo the following tests: compressive strength test; hydrostatic pressure test; absorption test; and acid resistance test. The pipe shall conform to the required sizes and dimensions. The pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than a specified value when the maximum offset is measured from the concave side of the pipe. The pipe wall thickness shall be a suitable dimension to adequately distribute the field jacking forces. There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the carrel, visible to the unaided eye. Chips, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not exceed a specified value in any surface dimension and shall not exceed a required depth of the minimum thickness of the barrel. Principles of joint design, test requirements, and test methods for assembled joints shall also be indicated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay jacking pipe to be used in microtunneling, the pilot tube method, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.  
1.1.1 Sections 3 through 7 and 9 of this specification contain manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and product marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.  
1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.  
1.2 This specification also covers materials and test requirements for jointing of the pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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4.1 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner and the owner’s engineer in preparing project specifications.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing the joints of installed precast concrete pipe sewer lines, when using either air or water under low pressure to demonstrate the integrity of the joint and the construction procedures. This practice is used for testing precast concrete sewer lines utilizing rubber gasket sealed joints.
Note 1: The user of this practice is advised that methods described herein may also be used as a preliminary test to enable the manufacturer or installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipe prior to delivery.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 2: The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct, observe, and furnish labor, material, and measuring devices and pay for the tests; who is responsible for determining local ground conditions; and whether an air or water test is to be used.
Note 3: The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe shall be accepted by infiltration or exfiltration testing utilizing Practice C969 (C969M).
Note 4: Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this practice are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers reinforced arch-shaped concrete pipe to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C506; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of Specification C506 are acceptable under this Specification C506M unless prohibited by the owner.  
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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