ASTM C1208/C1208M-18(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe to be used in microtunneling, pilot tube microtunneling, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water. Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures, yields a product that conforms to this specification. Pipes of nominal diameters shall meet the prescribed bearing strength requirements. The clay pipe shall undergo the following tests: compressive strength test; hydrostatic pressure test; absorption test; and acid resistance test. The pipe shall conform to the required sizes and dimensions. The pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than a specified value when the maximum offset is measured from the concave side of the pipe. The pipe wall thickness shall be a suitable dimension to adequately distribute the field jacking forces. There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the carrel, visible to the unaided eye. Chips, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not exceed a specified value in any surface dimension and shall not exceed a required depth of the minimum thickness of the barrel. Principles of joint design, test requirements, and test methods for assembled joints shall also be indicated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay jacking pipe to be used in microtunneling, the pilot tube method, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.
1.1.1 Sections 3 through 7 and 9 of this specification contain manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and product marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.
1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.
1.2 This specification also covers materials and test requirements for jointing of the pipe.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1208/C1208M −18 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling,
Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1208/C1208M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the
C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick
manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation,
and Structural Clay Tile
field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
jacking pipe to be used in microtunneling, the pilot tube
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
method,sliplining,pipebursting,andincasingsandtunnelsfor
Clay Pipe Lines
the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
1.1.1 Sections3through7and9ofthisspecificationcontain
C1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and prod-
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
uct marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
prior to installation.
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the
tic Elastomers—Tension
installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe. D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
1.2 This specification also covers materials and test require-
Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)
ments for jointing of the pipe.
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
Chemical Reagents
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Oven
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking in
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
an Ozone Controlled Environment
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
with the standard.
ness
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C896 can be used for clarifi-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
cation of terminology in this specification.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
PIPE
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Materials and Manufacture
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
yields a product that conforms to this specification.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods of Test and Specifications. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1208/C1208M - 18. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/C1208_C1208M-18R22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1208/C1208M−18 (2022)
TABLE 2 Three Edge Bearing Strength [SI]
4.2 Test Requirements for Pipe:
4.2.1 Test Samples: Nominal Diameter, mm Bearing Strength, kN/m
4.2.1.1 When requested, test samples representative of the 100 29
150 29
pipe to be used shall be selected by the purchaser or his
200 32
representative from the supplier’s stock.
250 35
4.2.1.2 The number of samples to be tested shall not exceed 300 38
400 42
0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except that
500 52
no less than three samples shall be tested.
600 64
4.2.1.3 If any of the test samples fail to meet the require- 700 69
800 77
ments of 4.2.2 through 4.2.6, the manufacturer will be allowed
900 88
to retest two additional samples representative of the original
1000 96
1100 105
material for each one that failed. The pipe will be acceptable if
1200 120
all retest samples meet the test requirements. If any of the
re-test pipe fail, the lot shall be rejected.
4.2.1.4 If, subsequent to an initial test failure, the accuracy
of the testing equipment is questioned, at the request of the
4.2.3.6 The bearing surfaces of the specimen shall be
manufacturer, the equipment shall be recalibrated and a retest
parallel planes and perpendicular to the vertical axis.
made or a retest made using other equipment of known
4.2.3.7 The bearing surface of the test samples shall be
accuracy.
ground to planes, parallel within 0.002 in. [0.05 mm]. To
4.2.2 Bearing Strength:
ensure a uniform bearing of the sample, place between two
4.2.2.1 Pipe shall meet the bearing strength requirements of
plywood sheets. The plywood shall be three-ply, ranging from
Table 1 or Table 2.
0.19 in. [4 mm] to 0.25 in. [6 mm] thick, made of soft wood
4.2.2.2 The manufacturer may test and certify pipe to higher
and free from knots. The plywood shall exceed the specimen
bearing strengths than listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
diameter by 0.50 in. [13 mm] to 1.50 in. [38 mm]. Use a fresh
4.2.3 Compressive Strength Test:
pair of plywood sheets for each test.
4.2.3.1 This test is used to determine the compressive
4.2.3.8 Apply the load up to 3500 psi [24 MPa]. The
strength of pipe material. This test shall be performed only
remaining required load is applied at the uniform rate in not
when specified.
less than 1 min nor more than 2 min.
4.2.3.2 Pipe material shall have a minimum compressive
4.2.3.9 Calculate and report the compressive strength as
strength of 7000 psi [48 MPa].
follows:
4.2.3.3 The testing machine shall be of a type having
sufficientcapacityandcapableofprovidingtheratesofloading
Compressive Strength, C 5 W/A (1)
prescribed. The bearing area from which the force will be
where:
applied shall be spherically seated.
C = compressive strength of the specimen, psi [kPa] to the
4.2.3.4 The specimen shall be a cylinder cut from the pipe
nearest 100 psi [690 kPa],
so that the length of the specimen is parallel with the
W = recorded load, lbf [kgf/mm ], indicated by the testing
longitudinal axis of the pipe. The cylinder shall have a
machine, and
minimum diameter of 0.75 in. [19 mm] for pipe wall thick-
A = average of the gross areas of the upper and lower
nesses through 2 ⁄2 in. [64 mm] and 2 in. [51 mm] for greater
2 2
bearing surfaces of the specimen, in. [mm]tothe
wall thicknesses and a diameter to length ratio of 1:1. The
2 2
nearest 0.04 in. [26 mm ].
tolerance of the diameter and length shall be +10 % –0 %.
Measurements shall be made to the nearest 0.01 in. [0.25 mm]. 4.2.4 Jacking Load:
4.2.3.5 The test load on the specimen shall be centered 4.2.4.1 The pipes jacking strength is calculated from the
axially on the ends of the cylinder. minimum cross sectional area multiplied by the compressive
strength requirement of 4.2.3.2. The maximum allowable
jacking load shall be calculated by dividing the pipes jacking
TABLE 1 Three Edge Bearing Strength
strength by the specified factor of safety as determined by the
Nominal Diameter, in. Bearing Strength, lb/linear ft
engineer.
4 2000
4.2.5 Hydrostatic Pressure Test or Absorption Test:
6 2000
8 2200
10 2400
12 2600
15 2900
TABLE 3 Hydrostatic Pressure Test Time
18 3300
Barrel Thickness, in. Test Time, min
21 3850
24 4400 Up to and including 1 7
27 4700 Over 1 including 1.5 9
30 5000 Over 1.5 including 2 12
36 6000 Over 2 including 2.5 15
42 7000 Over 2.5 including 3 18
48 8000 Over 3 21
C1208/C1208M−18 (2022)
TABLE 4 Hydrostatic Pressure Test Time [SI]
4.3.1 Sizes and dimensions of pipe shall conform to the
Barrel Thickness, mm Test Time, min requirements of Table 5 or Table 6.
Up to and including 25 7
4.3.2 The average inside diameter shall be determined by
Over 25 including 38 9
taking any two 90° (1.6-rad) opposing measurements and
Over 38 including 50 12
averaging the readings.
Over 50 including 64 15
Over 64 including 76 18
4.3.3 The outside diameter shall not vary from a true circle
Over 76 21
by more than 2 % of its nominal diameter.
4.3.3.1 The out-of-round dimension is the difference be-
tween the maximum and minimum diameters measured at any
one location along the pipe barrel.
4.2.5.1 The manufacturer shall, at his option, apply either a
4.3.4 Pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than 0.05
hydrostatic pressure test or an absorption test to all of the test
in./linear ft [4 mm/m] when the maximum offset is measured
specimens.
from the concave side of the pipe. See Fig. 1.
4.2.5.2 Hydrostatic Pressure Test—When the pipe is sub-
4.3.4.1 Measurements shall be taken by placing a straight-
jected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi [69 kPa] for
edge on the concave side of the full length of the pipe barrel
the elapsed time indicated in Tables 3 and 4, there shall be no
leakage. Moisture appearing on the surface shall not be excluding the joint and measuring the maximum distance
between the straightedge and concave side of the pipe.
considered leakage. However, moisture which starts to run on
the pipe shall be construed as leakage, regardless of quantity.
4.3.5 The end squareness measured at the pipe ends shall
At the option of the manufacturer, water within approximately
not deviate by more than 0.005 in./in. [0.005 mm/mm] of
5°F [3°C] of the ambient air temperature may be introduced
outside diameter to a maximum of 0.10 in. [2.5 mm] when
into the pipe for control of condensation.
measured in accordance with Fig. 1.
4.2.5.3 Absorption Test—The absorption of vitrified clay
4.4 Fractures, Cracks, and Blisters:
pipe shall not exceed 8 % when tested in accordance with Test
4.4.1 There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through
Methods C301.
the barrel, visible to the unaided eye.
4.2.6 Acid Resistance:
4.4.2 Chips, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not
4.2.6.1 This test is used to determine the resistance of pipe
exceed 2 in. [51 mm] in any surface dimension and shall not
to the action of acids encountered in sanitary sewers. Test
exceed a depth of one eighth of the minimum thickness of the
results shall be provided when requested.
barrel.
4.2.6.2 Test specimens shall be representative of the mate-
rial of the pipe supplied.
JOINTS
4.2.6.3 The loss of material from the test specimen shall not
exceed 0.25 %.
5. Materials and Manufacture
4.2.6.4 The test shall be in accordance with Test Methods
C301. 5.1 Principles of Joint Design:
4.2.6.5 If any of the test specimens fail to meet the acid
5.1.1 A typical joint design is indicated in Fig. 2.
resistance requirements, the manufacturer will be allowed to
5.1.2 Sealing elements shall be compressed between bear-
retest two additional specimens. The pipe will be acceptable if
ing surfaces to ensure watertight integrity as required in 5.3.
all retest specimens meet the test requirements.
5.1.3 Sealing elements may be independent or bonded to a
4.3 Sizes and Dimensions: bearing surface.
TABLE 5 Dimensions and Variations
A A
Out-of-Straight , Out-of-Round, Out-of-Square , Laying Length Minus Nominal Inside Diameter Minus
Nominal Diameter, in.
B C
in./linear ft, max in., max
in., max Tolerance, in./linear ft Tolerance ,in.
4 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.25 0.19
6 0.05 0.12 0.04 0.25 0.25
8 0.05 0.16 0.05 0.25 0.31
10 0.05 0.20 0.06 0.25 0.38
12 0.05 0.24 0.08 0.25 0.44
15 0.05 0.30 0.09 0.25 0.56
18 0.05 0.36 0.10 0.25 0.69
21 0.05 0.42 0.10 0.25 0.81
24 0.05 0.48 0.10 0.38 0.94
27 0.05 0.54 0.10 0.38 1.06
30 0.05 0.60 0.10 0.38 1.19
36 0.05 0.72 0.10 0.38 1.44
42 0.05 0.84 0.10 0.38 1.44
48 0.05 0.96 0.10 0.38 1.44
A
See Fig. 1.
B
These numbers are approximate since they are computed using outside diameter. Consult the pipe manufacturer for specific dimensions.
C
There is no fixed + tolerance limit.
C1208/C1208M−18 (2022)
TABLE 6 Dimensions and Variations [SI]
Nominal Out-of- Laying Length Minus Nominal Inside
Out-of- Out-of-
A A
Diameter, Round, Tolerance, Diameter Minus
Straight , Square ,
B
C
mm/M, max mm, max
mm mm, max mm/M Tolerance ,mm
100 4 2 0.5 20 5
150 4 3 0.75 20 6
200 4 4 1.0 20 8
250 4 5 1.25 20 10
300 4 6 1.5 20 12
400 4 8 2.0 20 16
500 4 10 2.5 20 20
600 4 12 2.5 30 24
700 4 14 2.5 30 28
800 4 16 2.5 30 32
900 4 18 2.5 30 36
1000 4 20 2.5 30 36
1100 4 22 2.5 30 36
1200 4 24 2.5 30 36
A
See Fig. 1.
B
These numbers are approximate since they are computed using outside diameter. Consult the pipe manufacturer for specific dimensions.
C
There is no fixed + tolerance limit.
NOTE 1—Illustration is exaggerated to show dimensions.
FIG. 1Pipe End Squareness and Out of Straight
FIG. 2 Typical Joint Design
5.1.4 The ends of the pipe shall incorporate a compression 5.2.1 Sealing components shall meet the requirements of
ring to distribute the jacking forces which develop during
Table 7.
installation.
5.2.2 Sleeves shall be made of a material which in conjunc-
5.1.5 The outside diameter of the sleeve shall not vary from
tion with the sealing elements, forms a joint which meets the
the outside diameter of the pipe barrel to the extent that it
test requirements of 5.3.
would restrict the installation during jacking.
5.3 Test Requirements for Assembled Joints:
5.2 Requirements:
C1208/C1208M−18 (2022)
TABLE 7 Tests for Seal
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