ASTM D8-16
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology D8.
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Designation: D8 − 16
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
1. Scope
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
definitions of terms specifically associated with road and
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
and Paving Materials.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under
the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Termi- asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
nology D8.
Binder system.
2. Referenced Documents
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four
Fractions
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more
3. Terminology
prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such
layers of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or
as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a
base materials.
cementing medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
air voids (Va), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
mix, expressed as a percent of the total volume of the
rubber particles.
sample.
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the
charges on the discontinuous phase.
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey
gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road the materials in the mixture.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum ob-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
tained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D8 – 15. DOI:
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
10.1520/D0008-16.
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8−16
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 15 D8 − 16
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving
materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving
Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology
D8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
3. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a cementing
medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
air voids (Va), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt mix, expressed
as a percent of the total volume of the sample.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2016. Published January 2016October 2016. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
D8 – 13b.D8 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D0008-15.10.1520/D0008-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 16
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates. The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting layers
of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or base materials.
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component is at
least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber
particles.
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
DISCUSSION—
The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of the
materials in the mixture.
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the fo
...
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