ASTM D8-15

Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2015
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.91 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D8-13b - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM D8-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5361/D5361M-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Sampling Compacted Asphalt Mixtures for Laboratory Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6926-20 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D3633/D3633M-23 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Membrane-Pavement Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D3628-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Emulsified Asphalts
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D2205-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D8360-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Rutting Tolerance Index of Asphalt Mixture Using the Ideal Rutting Test
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6155-19 - Standard Specification for Nontraditional Coarse Aggregates for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D5821-13(2017) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6297-20 - Standard Specification for Asphaltic Plug Joints for Bridges
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D3203-22 - Standard Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D5/D5M-20 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D448-12(2022) - Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D7063/D7063M-18 - Standard Test Method for Effective Porosity and Effective Air Voids of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8 − 15
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
Fractions
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more
prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting
2. Terminology
layers of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such base materials.
as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
cementing medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
air voids (Va), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt
rubber particles.
mix, expressed as a percent of the total volume of the
sample. asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by
use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
charges on the discontinuous phase.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed the materials in the mixture.
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation, bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum ob-
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
tained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
Binder system.
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
istics. In North America bitumen is called asphalt.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
bituminized).
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
DISCUSSION—Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized felts and
Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally fabrics, bituminous pavement.
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D8 – 13b. DOI:
10.1520/D0008-15.
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

-----
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 13b D8 − 15
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
2. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a cementing
medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
air voids (Va), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt mix, expressed
as a percent of the total volume of the sample.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2013Sept. 1, 2015. Published October 2013January 2016. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D8 – 13a.D8 – 13b. DOI: 10.1520/D0008-13B.10.1520/D0008-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates. The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting layers
of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or base materials.
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component is at
least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber
particles.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 15
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
DISCUSSION—
The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of the
materials in the mixture.
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In North America bitumen is called
...