ASTM D4873/D4873M-17(2021)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
Standard Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For a geosynthetic to be properly used it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in such a way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessary failure of the geosynthetic in a properly designed application.
4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installation requirements or quality assurance programs.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for the identification and packaging of rolled geosynthetics by the manufacturer and for the handling and storage of geosynthetics by the end user. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each project involving geosynthetics presents its own challenges and special conditions. Geosynthetic samples are often taken at manufacturer, supplier, or at the job site primarily for the purpose of conformance testing and verification. These samples should be properly labeled for identification purposes.
1.2 This guide is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and users of geosynthetics for identification, handling, and storage.
1.3 This guide is not applicable for factory-fabricated panels due to a different set of identifications for the panel by the fabricator. For fabricated geomembrane panels, refer to Guide D7865.
1.4 This guide is not intended for geosynthetic clay liners. For GCLs, refer to Guide D5888.
1.5 This guide is also applicable to geosynthetic samples.
1.6 Each type of geosynthetic is listed by section to address specific requirements.
Geotextiles – Section 5
Geogrids – Section 6
Geomembrane Rolls – Section 7
Geonets – Section 8
Geocomposites – Section 9
Rolled Erosion Control Products – Section 10
Sediment Retention Devices – Section 11
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4873/D4873M −17 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Guide for
Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls
and Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4873/D4873M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for the identification and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
packaging of rolled geosynthetics by the manufacturer and for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the handling and storage of geosynthetics by the end user. This
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
projectinvolvinggeosyntheticspresentsitsownchallengesand
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
special conditions. Geosynthetic samples are often taken at
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
manufacturer, supplier, or at the job site primarily for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
purpose of conformance testing and verification. These
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
samples should be properly labeled for identification purposes.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This guide is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers,
purchasers, and users of geosynthetics for identification,
2. Referenced Documents
handling, and storage.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Thisguideisnotapplicableforfactory-fabricatedpanels
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
due to a different set of identifications for the panel by the
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
fabricator. For fabricated geomembrane panels, refer to Guide
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D7865.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic
1.4 This guide is not intended for geosynthetic clay liners.
Clay Liners
For GCLs, refer to Guide D5888.
D7865 Guide for Identification, Packaging, Handling, Stor-
1.5 This guide is also applicable to geosynthetic samples.
age and Deployment of Fabricated Geomembrane Panels
1.6 Each type of geosynthetic is listed by section to address
specific requirements. 3. Terminology
Geotextiles – Section 5
3.1 Definitions:
Geogrids – Section 6
3.1.1 For definitions of geosynthetic terms, refer to Termi-
Geomembrane Rolls – Section 7
nology D4439.
Geonets – Section 8
Geocomposites – Section 9
3.1.2 For definitions of textile terms, refer to Terminology
Rolled Erosion Control Products – Section 10
D123.
Sediment Retention Devices – Section 11
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2.1 core, n—a mandrel of cardboard, foam, or other
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
material on which geosynthetics are rolled during manufactur-
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ing to facilitate handling.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.2.2 sample, n—(1) a portion of material which is taken for
used independently of the other, and values from the two
testing or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample,
systems shall not be combined.
laboratory;andspecimen.)(2)agroupofspecimensused,orof
observationsmade,whichprovideinformationthatcanbeused
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.06 on Geosynthetic Specifi-
cations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4873/D4873M – 17. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4873_D4873M-17R21. the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D4873/D4873M − 17 (2021)
for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from 5.2.2.1 Precipitation (because geotextile roll goods satura-
which the specimens are drawn. tion leads to handling difficulties),
5.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,
3.2.3 supplier, n—the person or organization from whom a
5.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of
geosynthetic is purchased or otherwise obtained.
time,
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The supplier is frequently the manufac-
5.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,
turer of the geosynthetic, but need not be.Asupplier who is not
5.2.2.5 Temperatures in excess of 160 °F [71 °C] and below
the manufacturer is expected to ensure that the responsibilities
32 °F [0 °C] (see Note 2), and
of the manufacturer are fully met.
5.2.2.6 Anyotherenvironmentalconditionthatmaydamage
the physical property values of the geotextile.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—Geotextiles may contain enough moisture to cause them to
4.1 For a geosynthetic to be properly used it must be
stiffen when frozen, which interferes with placement.
adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and
5.3 On-Site Handling:
stored in such a way that its physical property values are not
5.3.1 While transferring geotextiles from one location to
degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the
another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to the geotextile
unnecessary failure of the geosynthetic in a properly designed
itself. Follow the cautions specified in 5.2.1.
application.
5.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, verify its
4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific
identification. While unrolling the geotextile, inspect it for
storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installation
damage or defects.
requirements or quality assurance programs.
5.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and
manufacturer’s recommendations for handling and installation.
5. Procedure – Geotextiles
5.3.4 Correct any damage that occurs during storage or
5.1 Packaging and Identification:
installation as directed by the project specifications and the
5.1.1 When cores are required, use those that have a
engineer in charge of installation.
crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage
5.4 Sample Identification:
in normal use.
5.4.1 If samples are to be taken at the job site, follow
5.1.2 Cover each roll with an opaque wrapping material for
removal of wrap and identification of roll according to 5.1.3.
protection from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, or
Outer layer of geotextile should be removed before sample is
contaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with
taken following sampling procedures as prescribed in Practice
this guide.
D4354. Cut sample according to specified test method(s).
5.1.3 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label or
5.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label or
equivalent, clearly readable on the roll packaging or on the
equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation,
inside of the core. Roll identification should include, at
the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style
minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or
number, the lot number or roll number, or both, location
style number, and the unique roll number. Identification should
sampled or project name or project identification number,
also include the width and length of roll. Any other unique
sampledby,anddatesampled.Ifathirdpartyisresponsiblefor
characteristics should be clearly identified. For rolls with no
sampling, include with the name, the address, and telephone
identification on the inside of the core, once the roll is
number.
unwrapped or samples taken, labels on the outer wrap of the
5.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged for shipping to
roll packaging should be removed and placed inside the roll for
prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable
traceability. All designations should be readable for clear
wrapping material for protection from damage due to shipping,
identification.
water, sunlight, or contaminants.
NOTE 1—Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded
6. Procedure – Geogrids
as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as
a single unit received by the end user.
6.1 Packaging and Identification:
5.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site: 6.1.1 When cores are required, use those that have a
5.2.1 While unloading or transferring the geotextile from crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage
one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to in normal use.
thegeotextileitself.Ifpracticable,useforklifttrucksfittedwith 6.1.2 As required, cover each roll with a wrapping material
poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that forprotectionfromdamageduetoshipment,water,sunlight,or
the poles are at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid contaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with
breaking the cores and possibly damaging the geotextile. this guide.
Slings may be used to carry relatively rigid rolls provided that 6.1.3 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label, tape,
the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the or equivalent, either clearly readable on the roll packaging, on
rolls as damage may result.
the outer wrap when no packaging is required, or on the inside
5.2.2 Geotextiles, when possible, should be stored elevated of the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the
off of the ground and covered to ensure adequate protection name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number,
from the following: and the unique roll number. Identification should also include
D4873/D4873M − 17 (2021)
the width and length of the roll. Any other unique character- sampledby,anddatesampled.Ifathirdpartyisresponsiblefor
istics should be clearly identified. For rolls with no identifica- sampling, include with the name, the address, and telephone
tion on the inside of the core, once the roll is unwrapped or number.
samples taken, labels on the outer wrap of the roll packaging 6.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged for shipping to
should be removed and placed inside the roll for traceability.
prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable
All designations should be readable for clear identification. wrapping material for protection from damage due to shipping,
water, sunlight, or contaminants.
NOTE 3—Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded
as a single roll for identification purposes, provided all the rolls remain as
7. Procedure – Geomembrane Rolls
a single unit received by the end user.
7.1 Packaging and Identification:
6.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:
7.1.1 Cores shall have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid
6.2.1 While unloading or transferring from one location to
collapse or other damage in normal use.
another,preventdamagetothewrapping,ifrequired,andtothe
7.1.2 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label or
geogriditself.Ifpracticable,useforklifttrucksfittedwithpoles
equivalent, either clearly readable on the outer wrap or on the
that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that the
inside of the core. Roll identification should include, at
poles are at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid
minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or
breaking the cores and possibly damaging the geogrid. Slings
style number, and the unique roll number. Identification should
may be used to carry relatively rigid rolls provided that the
also include the width and length of the roll.Any other unique
slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls
characteristics should be clearly identified. For rolls with no
as damage may result.
identification on the inside of the core, once samples are taken,
6.2.2 Geogrids, when possible, should be stored elevated off
labels on the outer wrap should be removed and placed inside
of the ground and covered to ensure adequate protection from
thecorefortraceability.Alldesignationsshouldbereadablefor
the following:
clear identification.
6.2.2.1 Precipitation,
NOTE 4—Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded
6.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,
as a single roll for identification purposes, provided all the rolls remain as
6.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of
a single unit received by the end user.
time,
7.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:
6.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,
7.2.1 While unloading or transferring the geomembrane
6.2.2.5 Temperatures in excess of 160 °F [71 °C] and below
rolls from one location to another, prevent damage to the
32 °F [0 °C] (see Note 2), and
geosynthetic itself. If practicable, use forklift trucks fitted with
6.2.2.6 Anyotherenvironmentalconditionthatmaydamage
poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that
the physical property values.
the poles are at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid
breaking the cores and possibly damaging the geosynthetic.
6.3 On-Site Handling:
Slings may be used to carry relatively rigid rolls provided that
6.3.1 While transferring geogrids from one location to
the slings do not cause damage to the geomembrane rolls. Do
another, prevent damage to the wrapping (if required) and to
not drag the rolls as damage may result.
the geogrid itself. Follow the cautions specified in 6.2.1.
7.2.2 Geomembrane rolls, when possible, should be stored
6.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, verify its
elevated off of the ground and covered to ensure adequate
identification. While unrolling the geogrid, inspect it for
protection from the following:
damage or defects.
7.2.2.1 Ultraviolet radiation,
6.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and
7.2.2.2 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of
manufacturer’s recommendations for handling and installation
time,
of geogrids.
7.2.2.3 Flames, including welding sparks,
6.3.4 Correct any damage that occurs during
...
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