ASTM D4724-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
Standard Test Method for Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the degree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when the supply of yarn is limited.
The instrumental option of this test method is based on the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn; therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative of the distance between two entanglements at some location in the yarn.
Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such entanglements generally give somewhat less prot...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns using needle insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4724–10
Standard Test Method for
Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle
1
Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope nodes in which the interlocking or interlacing is compact
pulling the yarn bundle together.
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measure-
3.1.2 filament yarn, n—a yarn composed of (continuous)
ment of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns using
filaments assembled with or without twist.
needle insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B)
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
techniques.
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in
parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The
4. Summary of Test Method
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other
option.
without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
degree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement, as measured
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shipments; however, caution is advised because information on
2. Referenced Documents between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as
2 directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
tween the reported test results for two or more laboratories,
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
3. Terminology competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used
for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as
3.1 Definitions:
possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples
3.1.1 entanglement, n—the extent or degree to which the
that results in disparate results during initial testing, and
filaments in a yarn are interlocked and cannot be readily
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other
separated.
fabrics with established test values may be used for this
3.1.1.1 Discussion—There are two kinds of entanglements,
purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should
intermediary (loose) node and hard (tight) node. Intermediary
be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability
nodes are pulled out easily under tension or separated by a
level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a
needle. This test method is a measure of the presence of hard
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
bias.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
the supply of yarn is limited.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4724–09. DOI:
10.1520/D4724-10.
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method is based on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn;
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4724–10
entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the 9. Apparatus
pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative
9.1 Automatic Needle Pull Entanglement Testers, rapid
of the distance be
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4724–09 Designation:D4724–10
Standard Test Method for
Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle
1
Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns using needle
insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without
combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 entanglement, n—the extent or degree to which the filaments in a yarn are interlocked and cannot be readily separated.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—There are two kinds of entanglements, intermediary (loose) node and hard (tight) node. Intermediary nodes
are pulled out easily under tension or separated by a needle. This test method is a measure of the presence of hard nodes in which
the interlocking or interlacing is compact pulling the yarn bundle together.
3.1.2 filament yarn, n—a yarn composed of (continuous) filaments assembled with or without twist.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that option.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the degree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement, as measured
instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on
between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative
tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved
should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4724–99(2005). DOI:
10.1520/D4724-09.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4724–09. DOI:
10.1520/D4724-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4724–10
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test
results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when the supply of yarn is l
...
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