ASTM C417-05(2010)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thermal conductivity of monolithic refractories is a property required for selecting their thermal transmission characteristics. Users select monolithic refractories to provide specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the temperature limitation of the monolithic refractory. This test method establishes placement of thermocouples and positioning of test specimens in the calorimeter.
This procedure must be used with Test Method C201 and requires a large thermal gradient and steady state conditions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.
The data from this test method are suitable for specification acceptance, estimating heat loss and surface temperature, and the design of multi-layer refractory construction.
The use of these data requires consideration of the actual application environment and conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method supplements Test Method C201, and shall be used in conjunction with that test method for determining the thermal conductivity of unfired monolithic refractories.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C417 −05(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units of measure were editorially corrected in September 2010 in accordance with 1.2.
1. Scope without exceeding the temperature limitation of the monolithic
refractory. This test method establishes placement of thermo-
1.1 This test method supplements Test Method C201, and
couples and positioning of test specimens in the calorimeter.
shall be used in conjunction with that test method for deter-
mining the thermal conductivity of unfired monolithic refrac- 3.2 This procedure must be used with Test Method C201
tories. and requires a large thermal gradient and steady state condi-
tions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specifi-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only cation acceptance, estimating heat loss and surface
and are not considered standard. temperature, and the design of multi-layer refractory construc-
tion.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4 Theuseofthesedatarequiresconsiderationoftheactual
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
application environment and conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The apparatus shall be in accordance with Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
C201, modified as in 4.2 of this test method, with the addition
2.1 ASTM Standards: of thermocouples and refractory fiber paper, as described in
Sections 6 and 7.
C182 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating
Firebrick
4.2 The furnace shall be modified by drilling a nominal
C201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
⁄8-in. (10-mm) diameter hole (Fig. 1) through the insulating
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
firebrick in the furnace wall at each end of the center line of the
by Casting
18-in. (456-mm) dimension of the furnace cavity. These holes
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
shall be positioned so that the length of the hole will be parallel
and Ramming Mix Specimens
to the calorimeter surface and the bottom of the hole will
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
coincide with the surface of the calorimeter. Copper tubing
Comparison Techniques
shall be placed within each hole so that a compressed-air
source can be attached to one side and flexible leads to a
3. Significance and Use
flowmeter can be attached to the other.
3.1 The thermal conductivity of monolithic refractories is a
4.3 A compressed-air supply and flowmeter for air.
property required for selecting their thermal transmission
characteristics. Users select monolithic refractories to provide
5. Test Specimens
specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature,
5.1 Castable Refractories—The test specimens may consist
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of either a panel 18 by 13 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (456 by 342 by 64 mm),
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
or an assembly of three straights 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by
Refractoriesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
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114 by 64 mm) and six soaps 9 by 2 ⁄4 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 57
Properties.
by 64 mm). These specimens shall be prepared as in one of the
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
following methods and in general accordance with the manu-
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C417 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/C0417-05R10E01.
facturer’s recommendation for water content and Practice
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C862.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.1 Panel Specimens—This test specimen shall be a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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the ASTM website. monolithic panel 18 by 13 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (456 by 342 by 64 mm)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C417−05 (2010)
rods (described in Note 1) shall be used in two cavities to
provide the required slots for air entry and exit.
5.2 Plastic Refractories—The test specimens shall be of the
size and number described in 4.1 of Test Method C201, and
shall be prepared in accordance with Practice C1054 and 3.2 of
Test Method C201. The soap specimens shall be prepared by
cutting dry 9-in. (228-mm) straight specimens with a suitable
abrasive cut-off saw. The soap brick adjacent to the 9-in.
(228-mm) face of the guard brick shall be slotted with a
suitable abrasive cut-off saw at the center line of the 9-in.
(228-mm) length to fit over the tubing used for the entrance,
and exhaust of the air and moisture.
5.3 Specimen Curing and Drying—After the specified
curing, the specimens shall be placed in a dryer at 250°F
(120°C)foraminimumof24h,oruntilconstantmasshasbeen
achieved.
6. Installation of Thermocouples in Test Specimen
6.1 Thermocouples—Embed calibrated thermocouples in
the test specimen at two points for measurement of tempera-
ture. Use platinum-10 % rhodium/platinum, Awg Gauge 28
(0.320-mm) wire in making the thermocouples.
6.2 Installation of Thermocouples:
6.2.1 For castable specimens prepared in accordance with
5.1.1, use the following thermocouple installation procedure.
Place the hot junction of the thermocouples in the center of
A—Inlet air
each 18 by 13 ⁄2-in. (456 by 342-mm) face and just below the
B—Exhaust air
surface of the test specimen. Cut grooves to receive the wire in
C—Transite board
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D—Group 16 IFB
each 18 by 13 ⁄2-in. (456 by 342-mm) face to a depth of ⁄32 in.
E—Group 28 IFB
(0.8 mm) by means of an abrasive wheel 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) in
F—Group 28 grindings
thickness. The layout for the grooves allows all of the
G—Calorimeter assembly
cold-junction ends of the wires to extend from one end of the
H—Copper tubing, nominal ⁄8-in. (10-mm) diameter
specimen. Cut a groove in the center of each 18 by 13 ⁄2-in.
I—Center calorimeter
(456 by 342-mm) face along the 18-in. (456-mm) dimension
FIG. 1 Furnace Modification
and ending 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) from the center point of the
specimen. Extend the path of each groove at an angle of 90° to
one end of the specimen by cutting grooves parallel to the
in size, and shall be prepared in general accordance with
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13 ⁄2-in. (342-mm) edges and 1 ⁄2 in. (3.8 mm) from the center
Practice C862, as outlined in 5.1. The panel shall be cast in a
point of the specimen. Before cementing the thermocouple
steel mold with two steel rods (Note 1) taped in place at the
wires in place, take measurements to obtain, within 0.01 in.
center line of the 18-in. (456-mm) length of the mold cavity.
(0.3 mm), the eventual distance between the center lines of the
These steel rods form the slot required so that the panel will fit
thermocouple junctions. Do this by measuring the 2 ⁄2-in.
over the tubing used for the entrance and exhaust of air and
(64-mm) dimension of the specimens at the location for the hot
moisture from the furnace (see Fig. 1).
junctions and deducting the distance between the center line of
NOTE 1—Two ⁄2-in. (13-mm) diameter steel rods 2 in. (51 mm) long
each junction in its embedded position and the surface of the
should have approximately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) removed longitudinally to
specimen.
provide a flat base.
6.2.2 For castable specimens prepared in accordance with
5.1.2 Straight Specimens—This test specimen shall be three
5.1.2 and plastic refractory specimens prepared in accordance
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9by4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2-in. (228 by 114 by 64-mm) straight brick and
with 5.2, use the following thermocouple installation proce-
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six9by2 ⁄4 by 2 ⁄2-in. (228 by 57 by 64-mm) soap brick and
dure. Place the hot junction of the thermocouples in the center
shallbepreparedinaccordancewithPracticeC862,asoutlined
of each 9 by 4 ⁄2-in. (228 by 114-mm) face, and just below the
in 5.1 and 5.1.1, and by cutting as required. The 9 by 4 ⁄2-in.
surface of the test specimen. Cut grooves to receive the wire in
(228 by 114-mm) face of the three straight brick and the 9 by
each9by4 ⁄2-in. (228 by 114-mm) face of the brick to a depth
2 ⁄4-in. face of the soap brick shall be flat and parallel, and the
of ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) by means of an abrasive wheel 0.02 in. (0.5
thickness shall not vary more than 60.01 in. (60.3 mm). No
grinding of the finish face is required if care is taken when
removing the excess mix with the strikeoff bar and slicking the
Test Method E220 specifies thermocouple calibration procedures for thermo-
exposed surface with a minimum amount of troweling. Steel couples.
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C417−05 (2010)
mm) in thickness. The layout for the grooves allows all of the strips, used to prevent contact between the test material and the
cold-junction ends of the wires to extend from one end of the calorimeterassembly,alsoprovideapassagefortheflowofair.
brick. Cut a groove in the center of each 9 by 4 ⁄2-in. (228 by Push in a copper tube installed at each end of the furnace and
114-mm) face along the 4 ⁄2-in. (114-mm) d
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