ASTM D4391-93a(2006)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles
Standard Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4391–93a (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Terminology Relating to
The Burning Behavior of Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
The definitions in this standard have been approved by the Society and are included in D 123 “Terminology Relating to Textiles”. They
are published as a separate collection for the convenience of persons interested in the burning behavior of textiles. A bibliography of
related literature is given in Appendix X1.
afterglow, n—glowinmaterialaftertheremovalofanexternal waste basket, grease-fire on a stove, burning building or
ignition source or after the cessation (natural or induced) of forest fire.
flaming of the material. (See also flame, glow, and smol- flame, n—as related to textile flammability, a hot luminous
dering.) zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, or both, that is
burning behavior, n—all the changes that take place when undergoing combustion, that is relatively constant in size
materials or products are exposed to a specified ignition and shape, and that produces a relatively low heat flux.
source. (Compare fire.)
charring, n—the formation of carbonaceous residue as the
DISCUSSION—Examples are a match flame, candle flame, or a Bunsen
result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
burner gas flame.
combustible textile, n—a textile that will ignite and burn or
flame resistance, n—the property of a material whereby
that will give off vapors that will ignite and burn when
flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibited
subjected to external sources of ignition. (Compare flam-
following application of a flaming or nonflaming source of
mable textile, noncombustible textile.)
ignition, with or without subsequent removal of the ignition
combustion, n—a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at
source.
a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light either as
glow or flames.
DISCUSSION—Flame resistance can be an inherent property of the
basic material or product, or it may be imparted by specific treatment.
DISCUSSION—Some oxidation such as that of hydrogen emits radia-
The degree of flame resistance exhibited by a specific material during
tion outside the visible spectrum.
testing may vary with different test conditions.
dangerously flammable textile, n— not defined. This term is
flame resistant, adj—having flame resistance.
implied in the Standard for the Flammability of Clothing
Textiles (16 CFR Part 1610) under the Flammable Fabrics DISCUSSION—“Flame resistant” is the government mandated descrip-
tion for certain products that meet established governmental confor-
Act (15 USC 1191, et seq.) from which a meaning can be
mance standards or specifications when the product is tested by a
inferred. (See also flammable textile.)
specific method. Where no conformance standards exist, “flame resis-
embrittlement, n—the formation of a brittle residue as the
tant” is a relative term and is used to compare one material to another.
result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
flame retardant, adj—not defined. This term should not be
fire, n—as related to textile flammability, an uncontrolled
used as an adjective except in the terms “flame-retardant-
conflagration in which materials are destroyed by burning as
treated” and “flame-retardant treatment”.
evidenced by flames of varying size and shape, and a high
flame retardant, n—a chemical used to impart flame resis-
intensity heat source of 5 kw or greater, such as a burning
tance.
flame-retardant-treated, adj—having received a flame-
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles retardant treatment.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology.
DISCUSSION—The term “flame-retardant-treated” does not apply to
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2006.PublishedJuly2006.Originallyapproved
textiles that are inherently-flame-resistant due to the intrinsic properties
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4391 – 93(2000). DOI:
10.1520/D4391-93AR06. of the material or the fiber-forming polymer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4391–93a (2006)
flame-retardant treatment, n—a process for incorporating or specified time. (Compare heat durability.)
adding flame retardant(s) to a material or product. heat resistant, adj—having heat resistance.
ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
DISCUSSION—The term “flame-retardant treatment” does not apply to
inherent flame-resistance,
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.