ASTM D2937-17e2
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the in-place density of soils which do not contain significant amounts of particles larger than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.), and which can be readily retained in the drive cylinder. This test method may also be used to determine the in-place density of compacted soils used in construction of structural fill, highway embankments, or earth dams. When the in-place density is to be used as a basis for acceptance, the drive cylinder volumes must be as large as practical and not less than 850 cm3 (0.030 ft3 ).
4.2 The general principles of this test method have been successfully used to obtain samples of various field compacted fine-grained soils having a maximum particle size of 4.75 mm (3/16 in.) for purposes other than density determinations, such as testing for engineering properties.
Note 1: Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-place density of soil by the drive-cylinder method. The test method involves obtaining an intact soil sample by driving a thin-walled cylinder into the soil and conducting specific measurements and calculations for the determination of in-place density. When sampling or in-place density is required at depth, Test Method D1587 should be used.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for sampling organic or friable soils which may compress during sampling. This test method may not be applicable for soft, organic, highly plastic, noncohesive, saturated or other soils which are easily deformed, compress during sampling, or which may not be retained in the drive cylinder sampler. This test may not be applicable with very hard natural soils or heavily compacted soils that may not be easily penetrated with the drive cylinder sampler. The use of this test method in soils containing an appreciable amount of particles larger than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.) may result in damage to the drive cylinder equipment. Soils containing particles larger than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.) may not yield valid results if voids are created along the wall of the cylinder during driving, or if particles are dislodged from the sample ends during trimming.
1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessary for obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-place density and water content of certain soils. The procedures, precautions, and requirements necessary for selecting locations for obtaining intact samples, suitable for laboratory testing or otherwise determining engineering properties, is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as no...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D2937 − 17
Standard Test Method for
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Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
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ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Example Data Sheet in Appendix X1 in April 2017.
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ε NOTE—Editorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-place
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
density of soil by the drive-cylinder method. The test method
1.4.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
involves obtaining an intact soil sample by driving a thin-
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
walled cylinder into the soil and conducting specific measure-
of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly
ments and calculations for the determination of in-place
combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute
density. When sampling or in-place density is required at
system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically unde-
depth, Test Method D1587 should be used.
sirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound
1.2 This test method is not recommended for sampling
units within a single standard.As stated, this standard includes
organic or friable soils which may compress during sampling.
the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not
Thistestmethodmaynotbeapplicableforsoft,organic,highly
use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of
plastic, noncohesive, saturated or other soils which are easily
balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the
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deformed, compress during sampling, or which may not be
recording of density in lbm/ft shall not be regarded as
retained in the drive cylinder sampler. This test may not be
nonconformance with this standard.
applicable with very hard natural soils or heavily compacted
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
soils that may not be easily penetrated with the drive cylinder
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
sampler. The use of this test method in soils containing an
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
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appreciable amount of particles larger than 4.75 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
may result in damage to the drive cylinder equipment. Soils
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
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containingparticleslargerthan4.75mm( ⁄16in.)maynotyield
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
valid results if voids are created along the wall of the cylinder
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
during driving, or if particles are dislodged from the sample
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
ends during trimming.
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessary
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
for obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-place
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
density and water content of certain soils. The procedures,
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
precautions, and requirements necessary for selecting locations
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
for obtaining intact samples, suitable for laboratory testing or
methods for engineering design.
otherwise determining engineering properties, is beyond the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
scope of this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
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priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Construction Control Tests.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally
danc
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