ASTM D653-14

Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.  
3.2 Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage.  
3.3 See Appendix X1 for References.  
3.4 Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the convenience of the user and were taken directly from the International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3).  
3.5 A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term.  
3.5.1 No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term.  
3.5.2 The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable.  
3.5.3 See Appendix X2 for ISRM Symbols.  
3.6 A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in brackets and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by italic capital letters, as follows:
D—Dimensionless
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
L—Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter4
M—Mass, such as kilogram, gram
T—Time, such as second, minute  
3.6.1 Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”  
3.6.2 Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL−2—may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT−1—may be expressed in feet per min...
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.  
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.  
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2014
• ICS: 01.040.13 - Environment. Health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.93 - Terminology for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D653-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM C1127/C1127M-15(2023) - Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7608-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Measure Drained Fully Softened Shear Strength and Stress Dependent Strength Envelope of Fine-Grained Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D2435/D2435M-11(2020) - Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D4544-20 - Standard Practice for Estimating Peat Deposit Thickness
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D8012-18 - Standard Practice for Reclamation of Scrap and Waste Asphalt Shingles to Produce Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) for Use in Transportation Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7277-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Performance Testing of Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment Systems for Hydraulic Stability in Open Channel Flow
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D4219-22 - Standard Test Method for Short-Term Unconfined Compressive Strength Index of Chemically Grouted Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D5787-20 - Standard Practice for Monitoring Well Protection At or Near Land Surface
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D6312-17 - Standard Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Approaches for Groundwater Detection Monitoring Programs at Waste Disposal Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D4553-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Creep Characteristics of Rock
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7272-06(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Premanufactured Taped Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7380/D7380M-21 - Standard Test Method for Soil Compaction Determination at Shallow Depths Using 2.3-kg [5-lbm] Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D6001/D6001M-20 - Standard Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D8169/D8169M-18 - Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Bi-Directional Static Axial Compressive Load
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D653 − 14
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
1. Scope* Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
D4044Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil,
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of
Properties of Aquifers
standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are con- and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic
tained in Terminology D7099.
Properties of Aquifer Systems
D4104Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining
2. Referenced Documents
Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Over-
2
damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(Slug Tests)
C150Specification for Portland Cement
D4105Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
C802Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
leaky ConfinedAquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
Construction Materials
librium Method
D558Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
D4106Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
Method
kN-m/m ))
D4186Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation
D854Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-
Water Pycnometer
Strain Loading
D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
3
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
D4254Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
D1883Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
D4318Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
D2435Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
Plasticity Index of Soils
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D4429Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Soils in Place
D4750Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
1
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
3
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
Well) (Withdrawn 2010)
for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids.
D4943Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
Wax Method
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D653–11. DOI:
10.1520/D0653-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653 − 14
D5084Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con- 3.5.2 The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible symbols are acceptable.
Wall Permeameter 3.5.3 See Appendix X2 for ISRM Symbols.
D5088Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
3.6 A number of definitions indicate the units of measure-
Used at Waste Sites
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D653 − 11 D653 − 14
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction
Materials
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties
of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped
Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4186 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-Strain
Loading
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology for Soil,
Rock and Contained Fluids.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2014. Published December 2011September 2014. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20092011
as D653–09.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D0653-11.10.1520/D0653-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653 − 14
D4429 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
3
(Withdrawn 2010)
D4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
...