ASTM D1169-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The resistivity of a liquid is a measure of its electrical insulating properties under conditions comparable to those of the test. High resistivity reflects low content of free ions and ion-forming particles, and normally indicates a low concentration of conductive contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific resistance (resistivity) applied to new electrical insulating liquids, as well as to liquids in service, or subsequent to service, in cables, transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for making referee tests with dc potential.
1.3 When it is desired to make routine determinations requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test method are permitted as described in Sections 19-26.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 17.6 for a specific warning statement.
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Designation:D1169 −11
Standard Test Method for
Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope cal Insulating Liquids
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific
3. Terminology
resistance (resistivity) applied to new electrical insulating
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
liquids, as well as to liquids in service, or subsequent to
3.1.1 specific resistance (resistivity), n—the ratio of the dc
service, in cables, transformers, circuit breakers, and other
potentialgradientinvoltspercentimetreparallelingthecurrent
electrical apparatus.
flowwithinthespecimen,tothecurrentdensityinamperesper
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for making referee
square centimetre at a given instant of time and under
tests with dc potential.
prescribed conditions. This is numerically equal to the resis-
1.3 When it is desired to make routine determinations
tancebetweenoppositefacesofacentimetrecubeoftheliquid.
requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test
The units are ohm-centimetres.
method are permitted as described in Sections19–26.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 4.1 The resistivity of a liquid is a measure of its electrical
standard. insulating properties under conditions comparable to those of
the test. High resistivity reflects low content of free ions and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ion-forming particles, and normally indicates a low concentra-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion of conductive contaminants.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. General Considerations
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 17.6 for a
5.1 Theory and measuring equipment pertaining to this
specific warning statement.
method shall be in accordance with Test Methods D257.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Where both ac loss characteristic (dissipation factor or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
power factor) and resistivity measurements are to be made
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
consecutivelyonthesamespecimen,maketheacmeasurement
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
before applying the dc potential to the specimen, and short
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
circuit the cell electrodes for 1 min immediately prior to
Insulating Materials
making the resistivity measurements.
D923Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
5.3 Make referee tests for resistivity in an atmosphere of
D924Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
less than 50% relative humidity. For repeatable results make
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
these tests under carefully controlled atmospheric conditions.
5.4 Aside from the adverse influence of contamination on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
results of the resistivity test, there are other factors that can
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
contribute to variations in the test results as follows:
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.
5.4.1 Theuseofaninstrumentnothavinganadequaterange
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
foraccuratelymeasuringthecurrentflowinginthecircuit.(See
approved in 1951 as as D1169–51T. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
D1169–09. DOI: 10.1520/D1169-11.
Section 6 for two types of recommended instruments.)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4.2 When the time of electrification is not exactly the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
same for every test. Upon the application of voltage, the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. current flow through the specimen decreases asymptotically
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1169−11
NOTE 1—Rectified high-frequency power supplies cannot be used
toward a limiting value. Variation in the time of electrification
because the high frequency ripple
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1169–09 Designation: D1169 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific resistance (resistivity) applied to new electrical insulating liquids, as
well as to liquids in service, or subsequent to service, in cables, transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for making referee tests with dc potential.
1.3 When it is desired to make routine determinations requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test method are
permitted as described in Sections 19-26.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See 17.6 for a specific warning statement.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical
Insulating Liquids
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
Test cells
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 specific resistance (resistivity), n—theratioofthedcpotentialgradientinvoltspercentimetreparallelingthecurrentflow
within the specimen, to the current density in amperes per square centimetre at a given instant of time and under prescribed
conditions. This is numerically equal to the resistance between opposite faces of a centimetre cube of the liquid. The units are
ohm-centimetres.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Theresistivityofaliquidisameasureofitselectricalinsulatingpropertiesunderconditionscomparabletothoseofthetest.
High resistivity reflects low content of free ions and ion-forming particles, and normally indicates a low concentration of
conductive contaminants.
5. General Considerations
5.1 Theory and measuring equipment pertaining to this method shall be in accordance with Test Methods D257.
5.2 Where both ac loss characteristic (dissipation factor or power factor) and resistivity measurements are to be made
consecutively on the same specimen, make the ac measurement before applying the dc potential to the specimen, and short circuit
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.05
on Electrical Test.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2009.2011.PublishedJune2009.May2011.Originallyapprovedin1951asasD1169–51T.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin20022009
´1
as D1169–02 . D1169–09. DOI: 10.1520/D1169-09.10.1520/D1169-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1169 – 11
the cell electrodes for 1 min immediately prior to making the resistivity measurements.
5.3 Make referee tests for resistivity in an atmosphere of less than 50% relative humidity. For repeatable results make these
tests under carefully controlled atmospheric conditions.
5.4 Asidefromtheadverseinfluenceofcontaminationonresultsoftheresistivitytest,thereareotherfactorsthatcancontribute
to variations in the test results as follows:
5.4.1 The use of an instrument not having an adequate range for accurately measuring the current flowing in the circuit. (See
Section 6 for two types of recommended instruments.)
5.
...
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