ASTM D2035-80(1999)

Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evaluation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal, and nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation-flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may be used to evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction.  
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation process.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1999
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2035-80(2003) - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
• Effective Date: 03-Jul-1980
• Referred By: ASTM D4188-17 - Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test in Water
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6161-19 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2035 – 80 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.1.3 Temperature, and
4.1.4 Order of addition and mixing conditions.
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evalu-
ation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal,
5. Significance and Use
and nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation-
5.1 This practice permits the evaluation of various coagu-
flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may
lants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water and
be used to evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction.
waste water for the same water and the same experimental
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the
conditions.
variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation
5.2 The effects of concentration of the coagulants and
process.
coagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluated
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
by this practice.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
6. Interferences
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
6.1 There are some possible interferences that may make the
limitations prior to use.
determination of optimum jar test conditions difficult. These
include the following:
2. Referenced Documents
6.1.1 Temperature Change (During Test)—Thermal or con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 vection currents may occur, interfering with the settling of
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
coagulated particles. This can be prevented by temperature
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
2 control.
and Steam
6.1.2 Gas Release (During Test)—Flotation of coagulated
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2 floc may occur due to gas bubble formation caused by
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
2 mechanical agitator, temperature increase or chemical reaction.
D 1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water
2 6.1.3 Testing-Period— Biological activity or other factors
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water
may alter the coagulation characteristics of water upon pro-
3. Terminology longed standing. For this reason the period between sampling
and testing should be kept to a minimum, with the time being
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
recorded.
tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
7. Apparatus
4. Summary of Practice
7.1 Multiple Stirrer— A multiposition stirrer with continu-
4.1 The coagulation-flocculation test is carried out to deter-
ous speed variation from about 20 to 150 rpm should be used.
mine the chemicals, dosages, and conditions required to
The stirring paddles should be of light gage corrosion-resistant
achieve optimum results. The primary variables to be investi-
material all of the same configuration and size. An illuminated
gated using the recommended practice include, but are not
base is useful to observe the floc formation. Precautionary
limited to:
measures should be taken to avoid heat being imparted by the
4.1.1 Chemical additives,
illumination system which may counteract normal settling.
4.1.2 pH,
7.2 Jars (or Beakers), all of the same size and shape;
1500-mL Griffin beakers may be used (1000-mL recommended
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and minimum size).
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved July 3, 1980. Published October 1980. Originally
published as D 2035–64T. Last previous edition D 2035–74.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2035
7.3 Reagent Racks— A means of introducing each test
Prime Coagulants
Alum[Al (SO ) ·18H O]
2 4 3 2
solution to all jars simultaneously. There should be at least one
Ferric sulfate [Fe (SO ) ·xH O]
2 4 3 2
rack for each test solution or suspension. The racks should be
Ferric chloride (FeCl ·6H O)
3 2
similar to that shown in Fig. 1. Ferrous sulfate (FeSO ·7H O)
4 2
Magnesium carbonate (MgCO ·3H O)
3 2
Sodium aluminate (NaAlO )
8. Reagents
Coagulant Aids
Activated silica
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Anionic (polyelectrolyte)
Cationic (polyelectrolyte)
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Nonionic Polymer
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Oxidizing Agents
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
Chlorine (Cl )
Chlorine dioxide (ClO )
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Potassium permanganate (KMnO )
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Calcium hypochlorite [CaCl(ClO)·4H O]
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
Alkalis
accuracy of the determination.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO )
8.2 Purity of Water— Unless otherwise indicated, reference Dolomitic lime
(58 % CaO, 40 % MgO)
to water for reagent preparation shall be understood to mean
Lime, hydrated [Ca(OH) ]
Type IV reagent water conforming to Specification D 1193.
Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Sodium carbonate (Na CO )
2 3
8.3 The following chemicals and additives are typical of
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
those used for test solutions and suspensions. The latter, with
Weighting Agents
Bentonite
the exception of coagulant aids, may be prepared daily by
Kaolin
mixing chemicals with water to a concentration of 10 (60.1)
Other clays and minerals
g/L (1.0 mL of test solution or suspension when added to 1 L
Miscellaneous
Activated carbon (powdered)
of sample is equivalent to 10 mg/L):
8.4 Coagulant Aids— There are numerous commercially
available coagulant aids or polyelectrolytes. All polyelectro-
lytes are classified anionic, cationic or nonionic, depending
3 upon their composition. These aids may have the ability to
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not produce large, tough, easily-settled floc when used alone or in
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