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ASTM D2035-80(2003)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water

Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice permits the evaluation of various coagulants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water and waste water for the same water and the same experimental conditions.
The effects of concentration of the coagulants and coagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluated by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evaluation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal, and nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation-flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may be used to evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction.  
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation process.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
02-Jul-1980
ICS
13.060.30 - Sewage water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2035-80(1999) - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
Effective Date
03-Jul-1980
Replaced By
ASTM D2035-08 - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4188-17 - Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test in Water
Effective Date
03-Jul-1980
Referred By
ASTM D6161-19 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
Effective Date
03-Jul-1980

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ASTM D2035-80(2003) - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of WaterASTM D2035-80(2003) - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
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ASTM D2035-80(2003) - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 2035–80(Reapproved2003)
Standard Practice for
Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evalu- 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
ation of a treatment to reduce dissolved, suspended, colloidal, tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
and nonsettleable matter from water by chemical coagulation-
4. Summary of Practice
flocculation, followed by gravity settling. The procedure may
be used to evaluate color, turbidity, and hardness reduction. 4.1 The coagulation-flocculation test is carried out to deter-
mine the chemicals, dosages, and conditions required to
1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of the
variables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculation achieve optimum results. The primary variables to be investi-
gated using the recommended practice include, but are not
process.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety limited to:
4.1.1 Chemical additives,
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and 4.1.2 pH,
4.1.3 Temperature, and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. 4.1.4 Order of addition and mixing conditions.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 This practice permits the evaluation of various coagu-
lants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water and
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water waste water for the same water and the same experimental
conditions.
and Steam in Closed Conduits
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water 5.2 The effects of concentration of the coagulants and
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water coagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluated
by this practice.
D 1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water
D 3370 Practices for SamplingWater from Closed Conduits
6. Interferences
6.1 Therearesomepossibleinterferencesthatmaymakethe
determination of optimum jar test conditions difficult. These
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and include the following:
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
6.1.1 Temperature Change (During Test)—Thermal or con-
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
vection currents may occur, interfering with the settling of
Current edition approved July 3, 1980. Published October 1980. Originally
coagulated particles. This can be prevented by temperature
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1980 as D 2035–80.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
control.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1.2 Gas Release (During Test)—Flotation of coagulated
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
floc may occur due to gas bubble formation caused by
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. mechanicalagitator,temperatureincreaseorchemicalreaction.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2035–80 (2003)
FIG. 1 Reagent Rack for Multiple Stirrer Jar Test Apparatus
6.1.3 Testing-Period— Biological activity or other factors sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
may alter the coagulation characteristics of water upon pro- accuracy of the determination.
longed standing. For this reason the period between sampling 8.2 Purity of Water— Unless otherwise indicated, reference
and testing should be kept to a minimum, with the time being
to water for reagent preparation shall be understood to mean
recorded. Type IV reagent water conforming to Specification D 1193.
8.3 The following chemicals and additives are typical of
7. Apparatus
those used for test solutions and suspensions. The latter, with
7.1 Multiple Stirrer— A multiposition stirrer with continu-
the exception of coagulant aids, may be prepared daily by
ous speed variation from about 20 to 150 rpm should be used.
mixing chemicals with water to a concentration of 10 (60.1)
The stirring paddles should be of light gage corrosion-resistant
g/L (1.0 mL of test solution or suspension when added to 1 L
material all of the same configuration and size.An illuminated
of sample is equivalent to 10 mg/L):
base is useful to observe the floc formation. Precautionary
Prime Coagulants
measures should be taken to avoid heat being imparted by the Alum[Al (SO ) ·18H O]
2 4 3 2
Ferric sulfate [Fe (SO ) ·xH O]
2 4 3 2
illumination system which may counteract normal settling.
Ferric chloride (FeCl ·6H O)
3 2
7.2 Jars (or Beakers), all of the same size and shape;
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO ·7H O)
4 2
Magnesium carbonate (MgCO ·3H O)
1500-mLGriffinbeakersmaybeused(1000-mLrecommended 3 2
Sodium aluminate (NaAlO )
minimum size).
Coagulant Aids
7.3 Reagent Racks— A means of introducing each test
Activated silica
Anionic (polyelectrolyte)
solution to all jars simultaneously. There should be at least one
Cationic (polyelectrolyte)
rack for each test solution or suspension. The racks should be
Nonionic Polymer
similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
Oxidizing Agents
Chlorine (Cl )
8. Reagents Chlorine dioxide (ClO )
Potassium permanganate (KMnO )
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Calcium hypochlorite [CaCl(ClO)·4H O]
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
Alkalis
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Calcium carbonate (CaCO )
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
Dolomitic lime
(58 % CaO, 40 % MgO)
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Lime, hydrated [Ca(OH) ]
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Sodium carbonate (Na CO )
2 3
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Weighting Agents
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Bentonite
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Kaolin
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standar
...

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5.1 These test methods are appropriate for qualifying absorbent pads used with membrane filters for bacteriological enumeration.  
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SCOPE
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