ASTM D6161-19

Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The need to understand the relationships found in membrane unit processes for water treatment increases with the continuing demand for these separation systems. Defining the terms common to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis processes assist the manufacturer, consultant, and end-user in eliminating inter-process terminology confusion. This standard expands the definitions found in Terminology D1129.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the use of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis for membrane separation processes.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2019
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D2035-19 - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D8002-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Modified Fouling Index (MFI-0.45) of Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7285-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Recordkeeping Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2523-13(2018) - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4692-01(2017) - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of Sulfate Scaling Salts (CaSO<inf >4</inf>, SrSO<inf>4</inf>, and BaSO<inf>4</inf>) for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5465-16(2020) - Standard Practices for Determining Microbial Colony Counts from Waters Analyzed by Plating Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D1193-06(2018) - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4195-23 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D3923-23 - Standard Practices for Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4516-19a - Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6908-06(2017) - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2882-19 - Standard Guide for Analysis of Clandestine Drug Laboratory Evidence
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1732-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7687-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate in Fuel and Fuel-associated Water With Sample Concentration by Filtration
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4194-23 - Standard Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D4012-23 - Standard Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5090-20 - Standard Practice for Standardizing Ultrafiltration Permeate Flow Performance Data
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2694-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D8431-22 - Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5615-21 - Standard Practice for Operating Characteristics of Home Reverse Osmosis Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D6161 −19
Standard Terminology
Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and
1
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and reverse osmosis processes assist the manufacturer,
consultant, and end-user in eliminating inter-process terminol-
1.1 This terminology covers the use of microfiltration,
ogy confusion. This standard expands the definitions found in
ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis for mem-
Terminology D1129.
brane separation processes.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 Definitions:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
absolute filter rating, n—particle size above which 100 % of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
particles that are trapped on or within the filter medium.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
absorption, n—the release for desorption holding of a sub-
stance within a solid by cohesive or capillary forces.
2. Referenced Documents
2
accumulator, n—apulsationdampenerinstalledonthesuction
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129Terminology Relating to Water and/or discharge lines of pumps, generally plunger type, to
minimize pressure surges and provide uniformity of flow.
D2035Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of
Water
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between an observed
D3739Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the
value and an accepted reference value. Where an accepted
Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
reference value is not available, accuracy is a description of
D4582Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff
a measure of the degree of conformity of a value generated
and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis (With-
3 by a specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true
drawn 2019)
value, including both precision and bias.
3. Summary
acidity, n—the quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react
3.1 This terminology is common to membrane separation
with hydroxyl ions.
processes but independent of the source of manufacture.
activated carbon, n—granulatedorpowderedactivatedcarbon
4. Significance and Use usedtoremovetastes,odor,chlorine,chloramines,andsome
organics from water. A family of carbonaceous substances
4.1 The need to understand the relationships found in
manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-
membraneunitprocessesforwatertreatmentincreaseswiththe
ties.
continuing demand for these separation systems. Defining the
terms common to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration,
adsorption, n—the holding of a substance onto the surface of
a solid by chemical surface forces, without forming new
1 chemical bonds.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
aerobic bacteria, n—bacteria that require oxygen for growth.
Exchange Materials.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
See bacteria, aerobes.
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6161–10, which was
withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in July 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D6161-19.
aggregate, n—granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
stone.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
aggressive water, n—water having a high tendency to corrode
the ASTM website.
3
pipes and other equipment. Usually seen as having a
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. negative Langelier Index value.
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D6161−19
air header, n—the pipe running within a cassette that distrib- antifoulant, n—see antiscalant.
utes the air to the individual modules or aerators.
antiscalant, n—a compound added to a water which inhibits
air scour, n—distributing air over the entire area at the bottom the precipitation of sparingly soluble inorganic salts.
of a filter media flo
...