ASTM D3601-88(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test) (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test) (Withdrawn 2013)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The results obtained by this test method are useful as guides in determining the tendency of a water-based metalworking coolant to produce foam under low shear conditions. No correlation with changes in heat transfer, pumpability, or other factors affected by foam is intended. The foam generated by any given industrial process depends on the method by which the foam is generated and may not be directly proportional to that produced by this controlled laboratory test method. Further, the foam generated at the specified test temperature will not necessarily predict the foaming tendency of the liquid (that is, metalworking coolant) at some other use temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at 40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions. Note 1 - Foam under high shear is covered by Test Method D 3519 which uses a commercial blender.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 7.13.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the increase in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at 40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in May 2013 due to lack of interest in its continued use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3601 − 88 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope working coolant to produce foam under low shear conditions.
No correlation with changes in heat transfer, pumpability, or
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheincrease
other factors affected by foam is intended. The foam generated
in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at
by any given industrial process depends on the method by
40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions.
which the foam is generated and may not be directly propor-
NOTE 1—Foam under high shear is covered by Test Method D3519
tional to that produced by this controlled laboratory test
which uses a commercial blender.
method. Further, the foam generated at the specified test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
temperature will not necessarily predict the foaming tendency
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
of the liquid (that is, metalworking coolant) at some other use
information only.
temperature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Water Bath, constant-temperature, suitable to hold sev-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
eral bottled emulsions at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F) for 1 to 2 h.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
NOTE 3—A common household dishpan is satisfactory when the test
information, see 7.13.
temperature is close to room temperature.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Stop Watch or Timer, capable of measuring 5 min 6 0.2
s.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
5.3 Bottles, clean or new, clear glass, 16-oz (narrow mouth),
D3519 Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender
with screw neck. The 16-oz bottle is 6 ⁄64 in. (169 mm) tall
Test)
andhasamaximumdiameterof2 ⁄32in.(75mm).Theoutside
neck is ⁄32 in. (7.1 mm) and the shoulder radius is 1 in. (25.4
3. Summary of Test Method
mm).
3.1 The increase in volume is determined by the increase in
5.4 Syringe or Transfer Pipet.
total height of the test fluid, including foam, after vigorous
shaking of the emulsion at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F).
5.5 Rule, millimetre, at least 150 mm in length.
NOTE 2—Water that is normally used to reduce the concentrate to a
6. Materials
working consistency can be used. However, if this type of water is not
desirable or available, two other types of water may be used to prepare the
6.1 Distilled Water.
test liquid: ( 1) distilled water or (2) distilled water with a subsequent
seeding of the test liquid with synthetic hard water.
6.2 Hard Water, 20 000 ppm prepared by dissolving 29.4 g
of reagent grade (ACS standard) CaCl ·2H O in 1 litre of
2 2
4. Significance and Use
freshly boiled distilled water (used only where distilled water
4.1 The results obtained by this test method are useful as
is used as in Note 5).
guides in determining the tendency of a water-based metal-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 16-oz Round Packer, Brockway Glass Co., Mold No. 1094 or 16-oz Boston
D02.L0.01Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants. Round, as shown in Fig. 1 is suitable for this purpose. Bottle takes Cap No. 28.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally Standard Glass Container Series No. 80 specifies approximate weight of glass, etc.,
´1
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3601 – 88 (2002) . on drawing No. C-8010 obtainable from Glass Container Manufacturers’ Institute
DOI: 10.1520/D3601-88R07. Inc., 330 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Disposable pipets, Thomas Scientific Co. Saedsboro, NJ 08085-0099, No.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 8937-R62, Corning No. 7077 or Fisher No. 13-671-108E with attached 25 to 50-cm
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (1 to 2-oz) capacity rubber bulb have been found suitable for this purpose as have
the ASTM website. Becton-Dickson disposable syringes No. 21G, without needle.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3601 − 88 (2007)
thefoamtosubsidetoanetfoamheightof10mm(asindicated
by the mark made in accordance with 7.7).
7.11 If the foam height at this time exceeds 10 mm, record
thetotalheighttothenearest1mmasresidualtotalheightafter
5 min, R.
7.12 Measureandrecordthetemperatureofthetestliquidto
the nearest 1°C (1.8°F).
NOTE 8—The following sections should be performed only when
distilled water has been used in the above procedure in accordance with
FIG. 1 Boston Round Bottle.
Note 5.
7.13 Add 1.00 ml of 20 000 ppm hard water stock solution
to the emulsion. Shake gently to assure uniform mixing of the
7. Procedure
system.Allow the emulsion to sit quiet for 5 min; then proceed
7.1 Fixalabelorothermeansofmarkingtotalheightstothe
as in 7.14.(Warning—Differences in hydrolyzation time can
outside of the bottle.
yield differences in foaming properties.)
NOTE 4—Waterproof medical adhesive tape makes satisfactory water-
5 7.14 Repeat 7.8-7.12.
proof labels, which readily take pencil marks.
7.2 Using the manufacturer’s recommended procedure, pre-
8. Calculation and Report
pare 200 ml of emulsion at the recommended concentration
and pour the emulsion into the 16-oz round bottle (or equiva- 8.1 Calculate maximum foam height, F , as follows:
m
lent 500-cm bottle).
F 5 M 2 I (1)
m
7.3 When natural water is used, record water hardness
(using Test Method D1126), source, and date obtained.
where:
NOTE 5—In the absence of manufacturers’ recommendations, place 190
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