ASTM E1868-09

Standard Test Method for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to estimate the amount of volatile materials present in a material.
This test method is useful for design purposes, service evaluation, regulatory statues, manufacturing control, quality control, specification acceptance, development and research.
The results obtained by this test method may be equivalent to those obtained by other test methods and may be known by other terms in their respective fields. Other tests and terms encountered include loss-on-heating (see Footnote and Test Methods D 6, D 2288, and E 359), heating loss (see Test Method D 1509), evaporative loss (see Test Method D 2595), volatile organic carbon, moisture or water (see Test Methods D 2216 and D 3175), volatility (see Test Method D 4893), highly volatile matter (see Test Method E 897), and volatile content (see Guide D 2832).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the amount of volatile matter of any kind that is driven off from a test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time conditions. This test method determines only the mass of material lost, not its identity.
1.2 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of solid or liquid materials, mixtures or blends where the major component is stable at the test temperature.
1.3 The applicable temperature range for this test method is generally between ambient temperature and 1000 °C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2009
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1868-04 - Standard Test Method for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM E1868-10 - Standard Test Method for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F3606-22 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Feedstock Materials — Testing Moisture Content in Powder Feedstock
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1860-23 - Standard Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1868–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
D2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile
theamountofvolatilematterofanykindthatisdrivenofffrom
Content of Paint and Related Coatings
a test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis
conditions. This test method determines only the mass of
Sample of Coal and Coke
material lost, not its identity.
D4893 Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility
1.2 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of solid
E359 Test Methods for Analysis of Soda Ash (Sodium
or liquid materials, mixtures or blends where the major
Carbonate)
component is stable at the test temperature.
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
1.3 The applicable temperature range for this test method is
ology
generally between ambient temperature and 1000 °C.
E897 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1131 TestMethodforCompositionalAnalysisbyThermo-
standard.
gravimetry
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Thermogravimetry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Ther-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mal Analyzers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermo-
2. Referenced Documents
gravimetric Analyzers
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic
3.1 Definitions:
Compounds
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
defined in Terminology E473 and Terminology E1142, include
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-
thermogravimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, repeatability,
ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
reproducibility.
D2288 Test Method for Weight Loss of Plasticizers on
3
Heating
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen of known mass is heated at a constant
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
temperature while its mass is continuously measured as a
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo-
function of time.At the end of a pre-determined time interval,
rimetry and Mass Loss.
orwhenthelossreachesapre-determinedrate,themasslossof
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1868 – 04. DOI:
the specimen is recorded as a percent of the original mass.This
10.1520/E1868-09.
value is identified as the loss-on-drying (LOD) value. The
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
LOD value is a function of both temperature and time.
contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Therefore these values must be identified and reported. A
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
typical LOD value is reported as LOD = XX % (60 min at
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
120 °C).
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E1868–09
5. Significance and Use 7.1.6 Timer, capable of continuously recording elapsed time
up to 20 h to within 60.1 min or 61 %, whichever is greater.
5.1 This test method is used to estimate the amount of
Performance may be verified in accordance with Test Method
volatile materials present in a material.
E1860.
5.2 This test method is useful for design purposes, service
7.1.7 Controller, capable of executing a temperature pro-
evaluation, regulatory statues, manufacturing control, quality
gram by operating the furnace from 25 to 1000 °C at
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1868–04 Designation:E1868–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the amount of volatile matter of any kind that is driven off from a
test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time conditions. This test method determines only the mass of material lost,
not its identity.
1.2 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of solid or liquid materials, mixtures or blends where the major component
is stable at the test temperature.
1.3 The applicable temperature range for this test method is generally between ambient temperature and 1000 °C.
1.4Electronicinstrumentationorautomateddataanalysisanddatareductionsystemsortreatmentsequivalenttothismethodmay
be used.
NOTE1—Users are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the
necessary equivalency prior to use.
1.5SI units are the standard.
1.6There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.
1.7
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Compounds
D 1509 Test Method for Carbon Black—Heating Loss Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating Loss
D 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D 2288 Test Method for Weight Loss of Plasticizers on Heating
D 2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
D 2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
D 3175 Test Method for MoistureVolatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D 4893 Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility
E 359 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate)
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E 897 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel
E 1131 Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry
E 1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E 1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for Thermogravimetry
E 1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
E 2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 onThermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 onTest Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1868–02.on Calorimetry and Mass
Loss.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1868–04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1868–09
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology E 473 and Terminology E 1142. , include
thermogravimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, repeatability, reproducibility.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Aspecimenofknownmassisheatedataconstanttemperaturewhileitsmassiscontinuouslymeasuredasafunctionoftime.
At the end of a pre-determined time interval, or when the loss reaches a pre-determined rate, the mass loss of the specimen is
recorded as
...