ASTM F436-11
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ¼ through 4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ¼ through 4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A325, A354, A449, and A490.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material and by style denoting the shape.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to that of steels covered in Specifications A588/A588M and A709/A709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ¼ through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1/2 through 1½ in., with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes 1/2through 1½ in., with a nominal thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1—A complete metric companion to Specification F436M has been developedSpecification F436M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F436 −11
StandardSpecification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF436;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular wash-
1 1
ers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a nominal
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
5
thickness of ⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with
dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use
oversized holes.
1
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through
4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechani- 1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
cal and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A325,
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
A354, A449, and A490.
standard.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the mate-
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification F436M has
rial and by style denoting the shape.
been developed—Specification F436M; therefore no metric equivalents
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
are presented in this specification.
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that of steels covered in Specifications A588/A588M and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
A709/A709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or
without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to 2. Referenced Documents
the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
many applications.
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or
A354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy Steel
higher at the suppliers option.
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs,
1
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile
through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient space
Strength, General Use
exists and angularity permits.
A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
1 1
rectangular,innominalsizes ⁄2 through1 ⁄2in.,withabeveled
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
1 to 6 ratio surface for use withAmerican standard beams and
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
channels.
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled
A709/A709M Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
clipped.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
posited on Iron and Steel
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
2
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F436 – 10. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F0436-11. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F436−11
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging 4
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F436–10 Designation: F436 – 11
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF436;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with
1
fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through 4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and
structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners.These washers are suitable for use with
fasteners covered in Specifications A325, A354, A449, and A490.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material and by style denoting the shape.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to that of
steels covered in Specifications A588/A588M and A709/A709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is
substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to the atmosphere,
these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at
the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4 through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient space exists
and angularity permits.
1 1
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio
surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1 1
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a nominal thickness of
5
⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification F436M has been developed—Specification F436M; therefore no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength,
General Use
A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010.15, 2011. Published June 2010.2011. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as F436 – 109. DOI:
10.1520/F0436-101.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F436 – 11
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] MinimumYield Point, with
Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A709/A709M Specification for Structural
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.