ASTM A449-14(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
ABSTRACT
This specification2 covers quenched and tempered steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile strength. The fasteners are intended for general engineering use. Type 1 fasteners shall be plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steels conforming to the requirements. Type 3 fasteners shall be weathering steel and shall conform to one of the chemical compositions specified. Tensile strength, proof load, hardness tests, and axial tension tests shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers quenched and tempered steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile strength of 120 ksi for diameters 1.0 in. and smaller; 105 ksi for diameters over 1.0 in. to 11/2 in.; and 90 ksi for diameters 13/4 in. to 3.0 in. inclusive. The term "fasteners" in this specification denotes hex cap screws, bolts, and studs.
1.2 The fasteners are intended for general engineering use.
1.3 The fasteners are furnished in diameters 1/4 to 3.0 in. inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical composition as follows:
Type
Description
Type I
Plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steel
Type 2
Withdrawn 2003
Type 3
Weathering steel
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A449 −14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/
105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 This specification covers quenched and tempered steel 2.1 ASTM Standards:
hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile A563Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
strengthof120ksifordiameters1.0in.andsmaller;105ksifor A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
1 3
diameters over 1.0 in. to 1 ⁄2 in.; and 90 ksi for diameters 1 ⁄4 cal Analysis of Steel Products
in.to3.0in.inclusive.Theterm "fasteners"inthisspecification B695Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
denotes hex cap screws, bolts, and studs. posited on Iron and Steel
F436/F436MSpecification for Hardened SteelWashers Inch
1.2 The fasteners are intended for general engineering use.
and Metric Dimensions
1.3 The fasteners are furnished in diameters ⁄4 to 3.0 in.
F606/F606MTest Methods for Determining the Mechanical
inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
composition as follows:
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
Type Description
F788/F788MSpecification for Surface Discontinuities of
Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Rivets, Inch and Metric Series
Type I Plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy
F1470Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
steel, or alloy boron steel
Type 2 Withdrawn 2003
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
Type 3 Weathering steel
F1789Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
F2329Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
nology F1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.
ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
G101Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
standard.
2.2 ASME Standards:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
B1.1Unified Screw Threads
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
B18.24Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dard for B18 Fastener Products
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Ordering Information
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Orders for fasteners under this specification shall in-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
clude the following:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.2 Size, including nominal diameter and length,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 Name of product,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fastenersand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A449–14. DOI: the ASTM website.
10.1520/A0449-14R20. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cations SA-449 in Section II of that Code. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A449−14 (2020)
3.1.4 Type, that is, Type 1, or Type 3 as required, 5. Protective Coatings
3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue, and
5.1 Zinc, Hot Dip, and Mechanically Deposited Requiring
3.1.6 Other components such as nuts and washers if re-
Over-tapped Nuts:
quired.
5.1.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-
3.1.7 Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc Coatings—
chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as, hot-dip,
Forhot-dipormechanicallydepositedzinccoatingscoveredby
mechanically deposited, or no preference.
5.1 and requiring over-tapped nuts, specify the zinc coating
5.1.2 When hot dip is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc
processrequired,thatis,hot-dip,mechanicallydeposited,orno
coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-
preference (see 5.1).
ments of Specification F2329.
3.1.8 Other Coatings—Specify other protective coating if
5.1.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-
required (see 5.2).
ers shall be zinc coated by the mechanical deposition process
3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-
in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica-
quired.
tion B695.
3.1.10 Test reports if required.
5.1.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may
3.1.11 Supplementary or special requirements.
furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with
3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
Specification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating
ASME B18.24.
in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threaded
components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same zinc
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces ⁄8 in.
diameter × 4.0 in. long hex cap screw, Type 1, ASTM A449–XX, each
coating process, and the suppliers’ option shall be limited to
with one finished hex nut ASTM A563, Grade DH. Each component
one process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.
mechanically zinc coated in accordance with B695, Class 5, Type II.
NOTE 2—When the intended application requires that assembled
3.2 Suitable Nuts and Washers:
tension exceeds 50% of minimum bolt or stud proof load, an anti-galling
3.2.1 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563.
lubricantmaybeneeded.Applicationofsuchalubricanttonutsandatest
Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut shall be
ofthelubricantefficiencyareprovidedinSupplementaryRequirementS1
of Specification A563 and should be specified when required.
as follows:
A
Fastener Size and Surface Finish Nut Grade and Style
5.2 Other Coatings:
5.2.1 When other coatings are required, the purchaser shall
1 1
⁄4 to 1 ⁄2 in., plain (or with a coating of insufficient B, hex
specify the coating specification, including the classification
thickness to require over-tapped nuts)
Over 1 ⁄2 to 3 in., plain (or with a coating of insuffi- A, heavy hex
codes or grade numbers to identify the coating material,
cient thickness to require over-tapped nuts)
thickness, supplemental treatments, or other requirements to
⁄4 to 3 in., zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness DH, heavy hex
define the coating. The fasteners shall be coated in accordance
requiring over-tapped nuts)
⁄4 to 3 in., Type 3 C3, DH3, heavy hex
with and conform to the specified coating specification.
5.2.2 When a specification does not apply, the purchaser
A
Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Specifica-
shallspecifythedesiredcoating,coatingthickness,supplemen-
tion A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are suitable.
tal treatments, or other requirements to define the coating.
3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, washers ordered with
fastenersshallbefurnishedtotherequirementsofSpecification
6. Chemical Composition
F436/F436M, Type 1 or Specification F436/F436M, Type 3.
6.1 Type 1 fasteners shall be plain carbon steel, carbon
Washers for A449 Type 3 fasteners shall conform to Specifi-
boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steels, at the manufac-
cation F436/F436M Type 3.
turers option, conforming to the requirements in Table 1.
4. Materials and Manufacture 6.2 Type 3 fasteners shall be weathering steel and shall
conformtooneofthechemicalcompositionsspecifiedinTable
4.1 Heat Treatment:
2.The selection of the chemical composition,A, B, C, D, E or
4.1.1 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steel
F, shall be a the option of the manufacturer. See Guide G101
shall be quenched in a liquid medium from the austenitizing
formethodsofestimatingtheatmosphericcorrosionresistance
temperature.
of low alloy steel.
4.1.2 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steel
to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron were 6.3 Product analyses made on finished fasteners represent-
intentionally added, andType 3 fasteners, shall be quenched in ingeachlotshallconformtotheproductanalysisrequirements
oil from the austenitizing temperature. specified in Table 1 or Table 2, as applicable.
4.1.3 Type 1 and Type 3 fasteners, regardless of the steel
6.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or
used, shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800°F.
lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for
4.2 Threading—Threads shall be rolled, cut, or ground. bolts. Compliance shall be based on certification that heats of
steelhavinganyofthelistedelementsintentionallyaddedwere
4.3 Secondary Processing—If any processing which can
not used to produce the bolts.
affect the mechanical properties of the fasteners is performed
after the initial testing, the fasteners shall be retested for all 6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance
specified mechanical properties affected by the reprocessing. with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
A449−14 (2020)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 Fasteners
makes full size testing impractical, machined specimens shall
Carbon Steel be tested and shall conform to the requirements of Table 6.
Element
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
7.2.3 Bolt with diameters of 1.00 in. and smaller having a
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55 nominallengthshorterthan2 ⁄4Ddownto2Dinclusive,which
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
cannot be wedge tensile tested shall be axially tension tested
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048
full size and shall conform to the minimum tensile load and
Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058
Silicon 0.15–0.30 0.13–0.32
proof load or alternate proof load specified in Table 4 or Table
Boron Steel
5. Bolts with diameters of 1.00 in. and smaller having a
Element
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
nominal length shorter than 2D, and those with diameters
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
above 1.00 in. having a nominal length shorter than 3D, which
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048
cannotbeaxiallytensiletestedshallbequalifiedonthebasisof
Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058
hardness.
Silicon 0.10–0.30 0.08–0.32
Boron 0.0005–0.003 0.0005–0.003
7.2.4 Studs with nominal lengths of 5D and longer shall be
Alloy Steel
Element
axially tension tested full size and shall conform to the tensile
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
and proof load or alternate proof load specified in Table 4 and
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
Table 5. Studs with nominal lengths less than 5D shall be
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040
qualifiedonthebasisofhardness.Whenequipmentforfullsize
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045
testingisnotavailable,machinedspecimensshallbetestedand
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.13–0.37
AA
Alloying Elements
shall conform to the tensile requirements in Table 6.
Alloy Boron Steel
Element
7.2.4.1 When the length of a stud makes full-size testing
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55 impractical, it is permissible for manufacturers to test a
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
full-sized section cut from the longer stud. Such sections shall
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040
conform to the tensile and proof load or alternate proof load
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.13–0.37 specified in Table 5 and Table 6.
Boron 0.0005–0.003 0.0005–0.003
7.2.5 If fasteners are subjected to both hardness and tensile
AA
Alloying Elements
tests, the tensile test results shall take precedence in the event
A
Steel,asdefinedbytheAmericanIronandSteelInstitute,shallbeconsideredto
of low hardness test results.
bealloywhenthemaximumoftherangegivenforthecontentofalloyingelements
exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %; silicon, 0.60 %;
7.2.6 If fasteners are subjected to both full size and ma-
copper, 0.60 % or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantity of any
chined specimen tests, the full size test results shall take
ofthefollowingelementsisspecifiedorrequiredwithinthelimitsoftherecognized
precedence if the results of the two methods differ.
field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt,
columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any
other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
8. Dimensions
8.1 Head and Body:
7. Mechanical Properties 8.1.1 Hex Cap Screws—Unlessotherwisespecified,hexcap
screws shall be furnished with dimensions conforming to
7.1 Hardness—The fasteners shall conform to the hardness
ASME B18.2.1.
specified in Table 3. See Table 3, Note A.
8.1.2 Bolts—When styles other than specified in 8.1.1 are
7.2 Tensile Properties:
required, they shall have dimensions conforming to those
7.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.2.2 for large diameter
specified by the purchaser.
fasteners and 7.2.3 for short fasteners, hex cap screws and hex
8.1.3 Studs—Studs shall have dimensions conforming to
and square head bolts in sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a
those specified by the purchaser.
1 1 1
nominal length of 2 ⁄4 D and longer, and sizes 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 in.
8.2 Threads:
inclusive having a nominal length of 3D and longer shall be
8.2.1 Uncoated—Unless otherwise specified, uncoated
wedge tested full size. Bolts of these sizes with heads other
threads shall be the Unified Coarse Thread Series
...
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