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ASTM G32-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This test method produces cavitation damage on the face of a specimen vibrated at high frequency while immersed in a liquid. The vibration induces the formation and collapse of cavities in the liquid, and the collapsing cavities produce the damage to and erosion (material loss) of the specimen.
1.2 Although the mechanism for generating fluid cavitation in this method differs from that occurring in flowing systems and hydraulic machines (see ), the nature of the material damage mechanism is believed to be basically similar. The method therefore offers a small-scale, relatively simple and controllable test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of different materials, to study in detail the nature and progress of damage in a given material, or-by varying some of the test conditions-to study the effect of test variables on the damage produced.
1.3 This test method specifies standard test conditions covering the diameter, vibratory amplitude and frequency of the specimen, as well as the test liquid and its container. It permits deviations from some of these conditions if properly documented, that may be appropriate for some purposes. It gives guidance on setting up a suitable apparatus and covers test and reporting procedures and precautions to be taken. It also specifies standard reference materials that must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other test materials.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautionary information, see 6.1, 10.3, and 10.6.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2006
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.10 - Erosion by Solids and Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G32-03 - Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Replaced By
ASTM G32-09 - Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM G134-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5752-10(2017) - Standard Specification for Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) for Use in Precharging Coolants for Heavy-Duty Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM G73-10(2021) - Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006

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ASTM G32-06 - Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory ApparatusASTM G32-06 - Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
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ASTM G32-06 - Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:G32–06
Standard Test Method for
1
Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG32;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thistestmethodproducescavitationdamageontheface 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of a specimen vibrated at high frequency while immersed in a A276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
liquid. The vibration induces the formation and collapse of B160 Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar
cavities in the liquid, and the collapsing cavities produce the B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
damage to and erosion (material loss) of the specimen. Bar, Rod, and Wire
1.2 Although the mechanism for generating fluid cavitation D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
in this method differs from that occurring in flowing systems E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
and hydraulic machines (see 5.1), the nature of the material ASTM Test Methods
damage mechanism is believed to be basically similar. The E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
method therefore offers a small-scale, relatively simple and Determine the Precision of a Test Method
controllable test that can be used to compare the cavitation E960 Specification for Laboratory Glass Beakers
erosion resistance of different materials, to study in detail the G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
nature and progress of damage in a given material, or—by G73 Practice for Liquid Impingement Erosion Testing
varying some of the test conditions—to study the effect of test G117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of
variables on the damage produced. Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Ero-
1.3 This test method specifies standard test conditions sion Tests
covering the diameter, vibratory amplitude and frequency of G134 Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a
the specimen, as well as the test liquid and its container. It Cavitating Liquid Jet
permits deviations from some of these conditions if properly
3. Terminology
documented, that may be appropriate for some purposes. It
3.1 Definitions:
gives guidance on setting up a suitable apparatus and covers
test and reporting procedures and precautions to be taken. It 3.1.1 SeeTerminologyG40fordefinitionsoftermsrelating
to cavitation erosion. For convenience, important definitions
also specifies standard reference materials that must be used to
verifytheoperationofthefacilityandtodefinethenormalized for this standard are listed below; some are slightly modified
from TerminologyG40 or not contained therein.
erosion resistance of other test materials.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1.2 average erosion rate, n—a less preferred term for
cumulative erosion rate.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only. 3.1.3 cavitation, n—the formation and subsequent collapse,
within a liquid, of cavities or bubbles that contain vapor or a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the mixture of vapor and gas.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In general, cavitation originates from a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- local decrease in hydrostatic pressure in the liquid, produced
by motion of the liquid (see flow cavitation) or of a solid
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
precautionary information, see 6.1, 10.3, and 10.6.1. boundary (see vibratory cavitation). It is distinguished in this
way from boiling, which originates from an increase in liquid
temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
2
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion by For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Solids and Liquids. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as G32–03. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G32–06
3.1.3.2 Discussion—The term cavitation, by itself, should andinternalstressesunderthesurface,thatprecedessignificant
not be used to denote the damage or eros
...

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1.1 The terms and their definitions given herein represent terminology relating to wear and erosion of solid bodies due to mechanical interactions such as occur with cavitation, impingement by liquid jets or drops or by solid particles, or relative motion against contacting solid surfaces or fluids. This scope interfaces with but generally excludes those processes where material loss is wholly or principally due to chemical action and other related technical fields as, for instance, lubrication.  
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5.1 Erosion Environments—This test method may be used for evaluating the erosion resistance of materials for service environments where solid surfaces are subjected to repeated impacts by liquid drops or jets. Occasionally, liquid impact tests have also been used to evaluate materials exposed to a cavitating liquid environment. The test method is not intended nor applicable for evaluating or predicting the resistance of materials against erosion due to solid particle impingement, due to “impingement corrosion” in bubbly flows, due to liquids or slurries “washing” over a surface, or due to continuous high-velocity liquid jets aimed at a surface. For background on various forms of erosion and erosion tests, see Refs (1) through (2).4 Ref (3) is an excellent comprehensive treatise.  
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1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the specification of a standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This test method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid impingement erosion.  
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Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus

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4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most of which are removed during refining. However, of the sulfur compounds remaining in the petroleum product, some can have a corroding action on various metals, including copper, and this corrosivity is not necessarily related to the total sulfur content. The effect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur compounds present. This copper foil strip corrosion test is designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum product towards copper and copper-containing alloys using a shorter test duration than that specified in Test Method D130.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosiveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure no greater than 124 kPa (18 psi), cleaners (for example, Stoddard solvent), kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and other petroleum products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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5.1 This test method provides a method to distinguish between coolants that are deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and those suitable for further evaluation.
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336 h Corrosion Test
FIG. 2 Tall Form Beaker Specimens and Equipment for the 336 h Corrosion Test
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3.1 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces easily visible corrosion on many metals in a form resembling that occurring in industrial environments. It is therefore a test medium well suited to detect pores or other sources of weakness in protective coatings and deficiencies in corrosion resistance associated with unsuitable alloy composition or treatments.  
3.2 The results obtained in the test should not be regarded as a general guide to the corrosion resistance of the tested materials in all environments where these materials may be used. Performance of different materials in the test should only be taken as a general guide to the relative corrosion resistance of these materials in moist SO2 service.
SCOPE
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For a specific warning statement, see 4.3.  
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