ASTM D2646-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information about between interlaboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 These test methods are useful to evaluate quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering.
5.3 The significance and uses of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the procedures listed as follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics
8
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics
15
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics
16
Extractable Matter
9
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics
12
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics
13
Length of Woven Fabrics
11
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics
14
Width of Woven Fabrics
10
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2646 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
1.1 This guide covers the procedures listed as follows for
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count
testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed
of Woven Fabrics
for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
procedures appear in the following order:
Fabric
Section
D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and
Knitted Fabrics
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics 8
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 15
D3887 Specification for Tolerance for Knitted Fabrics
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 16
3
(Withdrawn 2017)
Extractable Matter 9
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics 12 D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics 13
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
Length of Woven Fabrics 11
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics 14
Width of Woven Fabrics 10
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,
D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
backing fabric, carpet, dents per unit width, extractable matter,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nonwoven fabric, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
covering, tufted fabric, wale, wires per unit width.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Terminology D123.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 Asummary of the directions prescribed for the determi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
nationofspecificpropertiesisstatedintheappropriatesections
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of specific test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
information about between interlaboratory precision is incom-
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
plete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
1 tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings. comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
statistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2646 – 11. DOI:
tance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative
10.1520/D2646-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2646 − 18
roll or pieces of fl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2646 − 11 D2646 − 18
Standard Test Methods Guide for
1
Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures listed as follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed
for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics 8
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 15
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 16
Extractable Matter 9
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics 12
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics 13
Length of Woven Fabrics 11
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics 14
Shrinkage—Hot Wet Method 17
Shrinkage—Hot Dry Method 18
Width of Woven Fabrics 10
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count of Woven Fabrics
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted Fabrics
3
D3887 Specification for Tolerance for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings, D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
1
These test methods are This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and areis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor
Coverings.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2018. Published September 2011February 2018. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as D2646 – 05.D2646 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D2646-11.10.1520/D2646-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2646 − 18
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backing fabric, carpet, dents per unit width, extractable matter, finished,
finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, nonwoven fabric, pile, pile yarn floor covering, shrinkage, textile floor covering,
tufted fabric, wale, wires per unit width.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determination of specific properties is stated in the appropriate sections of
specific test methods.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because
information about between interlaboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from t
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2646 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
1.1 This guide covers the procedures listed as follows for
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count
testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed
of Woven Fabrics
for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
procedures appear in the following order:
Fabric
Section
D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics 8 Knitted Fabrics
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 15
D3887 Specification for Tolerance for Knitted Fabrics
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 16
3
(Withdrawn 2017)
Extractable Matter 9
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics 12 D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics 13
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
Length of Woven Fabrics 11
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics 14
Width of Woven Fabrics 10
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
and are not considered standard.
backing fabric, carpet, dents per unit width, extractable matter,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nonwoven fabric, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
covering, tufted fabric, wale, wires per unit width.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Terminology D123.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
nation of specific properties is stated in the appropriate sections
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of specific test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
information about between interlaboratory precision is incom-
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
plete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
1 tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings. comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
statistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2646 – 11. DOI:
tance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative
10.1520/D2646-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2646 − 18
roll or pieces of floor covering to provide a sampling plan with a
tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
meaningful prod
...
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