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ASTM D3489-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials

Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests made on materials herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing physical properties of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a basis for writing specifications.  
Before proceeding with these test methods, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or combination thereof, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-size test sample and basic tests for physical property determinations of microcellular urethane materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
83.100 - Cellular materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3489-96(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Rubber--Microcellular Urethane
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D3489-11 - Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3851-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Microcellular Polyurethane Shoe Soling Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3768-22 - Standard Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—Flexural Recovery
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D3489-06 - Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane MaterialsASTM D3489-06 - Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
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ASTM D3489-06 - Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3489–06
Standard Test Methods for
1
Microcellular Urethane Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1630 Test Method for Rubber Property—Abrasion Resis-
tance (Footwear Abrader)
1.1 These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-
D1938 Test Method forTear-Propagation Resistance (Trou-
size test sample and basic tests for physical property determi-
ser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-
nations of microcellular urethane materials.
Tear Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
Hardness
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Resins
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2632 Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3
Vertical Rebound
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3040 Discontinued1988;PracticeforPreparingPrecision
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
Statements for Standards Related to Rubber and Rubber
3
Testing; Replaced by D4483
2. Referenced Documents
D3137 Test Method for Rubber Property—Hydrolytic Sta-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bility
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab,
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
D395 TestMethodsforRubberProperty—CompressionSet
D3768 Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—Flexural
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
Recovery
plastic Elastomers—Tension
D3769 Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—High-
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
Temperature Sag
Oven
D575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression
3. Terminology
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
3.1.1 microcellular urethane—an elastomeric material
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
made by the interaction of a polyol and an organic isocyanate,
andReinforcedPlasticsandElectricalInsulatingMaterials
having cell diameters in the range from 0.0001 to 0.001 mm,
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela- 3 3
with a minimum density of 160 kg/m [10 lb/ft ].
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
NOTE 2—In the following sections, the term “retaining the molded
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics
surfaces” refers to the two major surfaces (faces) of the sample and/or
to Surface Abrasion
specimens prepared from it and was not meant to include the minor
D1052 Test Method for Measuring Rubber Deterioration—
surfaces (ends or sides).
Cut Growth Using Ross Flexing Apparatus
D1622 Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid Cellular 4. Significance and Use
Plastics
4.1 Tests made on materials herein prescribed can be of
considerable value in comparing physical properties of differ-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
ent materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
basis for writing specifications.
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
4.2 Before proceeding with these test methods, reference
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3489-96 (2000).
DOI: 10.1520/D3489-06.
Anytestspecimenpreparation,conditioning,ordimensions,or
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3489–06
combination thereof, and testing parameters covered in the 8.2 DeterminethesplittearstrengthinaccordancewithTest
1
materials specification shall take precedence over those men- Method D1938. Cut the specimen from the 3.15-mm
...

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ASTM D3489-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests made on materials herein prescribed have the potential to give considerable value in comparing physical properties of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a basis for writing specifications.  
5.2 Before proceeding with these test methods, if appropriate, make reference to the specification associated with the material or product being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the ASTM materials or product specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there are no relevant ASTM specifications, then the default conditions apply.
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1.1 These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-size test sample and basic tests for physical property determinations of microcellular urethane materials.  
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Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM D1621-16(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides information regarding the behavior of cellular materials under compressive loads. Test data is obtained, and from a complete load-deformation curve it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any load (such as compressive stress at proportional-limit load or compressive strength at maximum load) and to compute the effective modulus of elasticity.  
4.2 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load - time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or a combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
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1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compressive properties of rigid cellular materials, particularly expanded plastics.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 844 are technically equivalent.  
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ASTM D1623-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics

ABSTRACT
This test method establishes standard procedure for determining the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular plastics in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens: Type A shall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen; Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.; Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate. This test method requires the use of the following apparatuses: a constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type testing machine; self-aligning type grips for holding test specimens; an extension indicator; and a lathe specimen cutter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.  
1.2 Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens:  
1.2.1 Type A shall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen.  
1.2.2 Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.  
1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel (top and bottom substrate) or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7252-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Monomer and Isomers in Isocyanates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the percent by weight of monomeric isomers and total monomer in crude or modified isocyanates. The test method is applicable to methylene di(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) and polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate) (PMDI). (See Note 1.)  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ASTM D5672/D5672M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Testing Flexible Cellular Materials Measurement of Indentation Force Deflection Using a 25-mm [1-in.] Deflection Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 25-mm [1-in.] deflection IFD method is recommended for production screening and quality control on full size cushions only.  
4.2 Applicable cushion thicknesses to be tested by this test method are only those listed in this test method. Further research and development are required before this test method is applicable to other cushion thicknesses.  
4.3 This test method is designed to give a value approximating the 25 % IFD on a 100-mm [4-in.] thick piece of foam when the actual specimen thickness tested is within the ranges listed in the test method. In case of disagreement, the referee method is the IFD procedure in Test Methods D3574, Test B1. The user of this test method shall establish the correlation between this test method and the referee method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a screening type quality control test used to determine if flexible polyurethane foam cushions are within the specified grade range for firmness.  
1.2 This test method is limited to foams with thicknesses that are 75 mm [3 in.] or greater.  
1.3 This test method is based on the fact that the traditional industry standard thickness for Indentation Force Deflection (IFD) is 100 mm [4 in.], and the traditional percent deflection for IFD acceptance and product planning is 25 %. With respect, then, to these traditional industry conventions, a 25 % deflection on a 100-mm [4-in.] cushion would be 25 mm [1 in.]. Thus, deflecting standard cushions (of proper 100 mm thickness) 25 mm [1 in.] provides a quick way to determine if the flexible polyurethane foam is within the specified grade range for 25 % IFD.  
1.4 Cushion thicknesses less than 75 mm [3 in.] shall not be tested for IFD using this test method.  
1.5 This test method is intended to provide a quick and simple method to screen flexible polyurethane foams for determination of its firmness grade.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in U.S. Customary or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) foam or copolymers thereof. Materials shall be produced in sheet, strip, molded, or simple specific shapes. Complete details about apparatuses needed, specimen preparation, and procedures for the testing of compression deflection, compression set under constant deflection, and water absorption are thoroughly itemized.
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1.1 This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof.  
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ASTM D4986-22(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the time and extent of burning for cellular polymeric materials. It also provides a means of measuring burning rates for materials that continue to burn past the specified gage marks.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative rate of burning and the extent and time of burning of horizontally oriented cellular polymeric materials having a density less than 250 kg/m3.  
1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with the standards applicable to such end-product.  
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ASTM D3675-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed to fire. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. The test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated. For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such specimens shall replicate the type and thickness of all the layers present in the assembly being evaluated.  
5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfaces depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the material, product, or assembly under test, the specimen mounting method and orientation, the type and level of fire or heat exposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surrounding enclosure. (1-6)4, 5  
5.3 Test Method E162 is a generic version of this test method, using an apparatus that is substantially the same as the one used in this test method. However, Test Method E162 is normally intended for application to specimens other than flexible cellular materials.  
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5.5 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered as part of an overall assessment of fire hazard in a building or structure, then the criteria, concepts and procedures incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire test response standard.  
1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surface flammability of flexible cellular materials.  
1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, are for information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10).  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3768-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—Flexural Recovery

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to indicate the ability of a material to recover after a 180° bend around a 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) diameter mandrel at room temperature.  
4.2 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to any specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or combination thereof, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
Note 2: This test method is applicable to solid urethanes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure and apparatus for measuring the flexural recovery of microcellular urethanes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM D3851-17(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Microcellular Polyurethane Shoe Soling Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard physical property requirements and test methods for urethane microcellular materials intended for shoe soling applications. It covers three grades of polyurethane materials that may be selected for use according to abrasion resistance, cut-growth resistance, and other physical properties. Materials shall be subjected to physical tests and shall conform to the requirements for physical properties such as density, tensile strength, ultimate elongation, tear, hardness, cut-growth resistance, and taper abrasion or wear index.
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1.1 This specification covers microcellular polyurethane materials for shoe soling applications. It provides physical property requirements and identifies test methods for determining those specific properties.  
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