ASTM D5098-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Emulsion Paints
Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Emulsion Paints
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method section found in Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 5098 – 99
Standard Specification for
Artists’ Acrylic Emulsion Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
Health Hazards
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compo-
D 4303 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Pigments Used in
sition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists’
Artists’ Paints
acrylic emulsion paints.
D 4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
Strength of Chromatic Paints
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,
D 4941 Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste
lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.
Paints
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given
3. Terminology
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining
3.1 Definitions:
relative lightfastness are referenced.
3.1.1 colour index name—consists of the category (type of
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
dye or pigment), general hue, and an assigned number given to
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifica-
tion only.
tion system.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method section found in
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name
Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
15).
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
3.1.2 Colour Index Number—a five-digit number given in
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
colorant.
use.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Num-
2. Referenced Documents ber of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
3.1.3 Appearance terms used in this specification are de-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fined in Terminology E 284.
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Pastes, and Paints
3.2.1 acrylic emulsion paint—paint containing a stable
D 279 Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
aqueous dispersion of polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid,
D 387 Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pig-
methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; some-
ments with a Mechanical Muller
2 times termed latex, acrylic latex, or polymer emulsion paint.
D 476 Specification for Titanium Dioxide Pigments
3.2.2 glycols—general term for dihydric alcohols used to
D 602 Specification for Barium Sulfate Pigments
provide freeze-thaw stability in acrylic and other water-based
D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
vehicle systems.
Vehicle Systems
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma-
4. Significance and Use
tion of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
D 3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers
3 provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
in Emulsion Paints
distributors, and users.
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
1 ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
published as D 5098 – 90. Last previous edition D 5098 – 98a. Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 Vols and Revisions. The Society of Dyers and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Colourists, London, 1971–75. Available from the American Association of Textile
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5098
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, 5.2 Provide on the label identification of polymer used in
may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either the paint.
of which may be acceptable under this specification.
NOTE 1—The type of polymer can be identified by using Practice
D 3168.
5. Labeling Requirements
5.3 Lightfastness—The label shall contain the word “Light-
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I or II, as given
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained
for each pigment in Table 1.
in the paint the information underlined in Table 1 which
5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
mens as described in Section 7 and exposed, tested, and rated
additional terms necessary to identify the form of the pigment.
in accordance with Test Method D 4303, shall have a color
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,
difference (DE* ) of 4 or less CIELAB units between the
ab
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple
specimens measured before and after exposure.
chemical description, shall be given in an appropriate producer
5.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paint
publication. Manufacturers are encouraged to put this complete
specimens as described in Section 7 and exposed, tested, and
identification on the container label when label size permits.
rated in accordance with Test Methods D 4303, shall have a
5.1.3 The Common Name shall be placed on the front of the
color difference (DE* ) of more than 4.0 but not more than 8.0
ab
label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in
CIELAB units between the specimens measured before and
5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
after exposure.
on the container.
5.3.3 Pigments were placed in a lightfastness category on
5.1.4 The Colour Index Name may be spelled out in full or
the basis of either known historical performance in art works or
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:
the ratings from four lightfastness tests conducted as described
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
in Test Methods D 4303. Results from further tests on these, or
5.1.5 Substituted Pigments—In the case of substituted pig-
other pigments, are solicited by ASTM Subcommittee D01.57.
ments, the word “Hue” in equal size letters shall follow in the
5.3.3.1 The lightfastness category of a pigment shall be
title, on the front of the tube, immediately after the name of the
changed if results from several further tests conducted in
pigment that has been simulated. Directly below the title, the
accordance with Test Methods D 4303 and approved by ASTM
Common Name from Table 1 of the pigment(s) used shall be
Subcommittee D01.57, establish a different lightfastness cat-
given in letters no less than the next type size smaller than the
egory than the one given in Table 1.
title; or if more than one pigment is used, then 5.1.7 covering
5.3.3.2 Additional pigments shall be placed in Table 1 after
mixed pigments, can be followed. For example:
they have been tested for lightfastness in accordance with Test
CADMIUM RED MEDIUM HUE COBALT BLUE HUE
Methods D 4303 and the test results submitted to ASTM
(Naphthol Red AS-OL) (mixture)
Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation, provided the results
demonstrate that the pigments have the lightfastness ratings
5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used
required for Lightfastness I or Lightfastness II, as described in
provided the Common Name(s) given in Table 1 appears on the
5.3.1 and 5.3.2.
front of the label directly under the proprietary or optional
5.3.4 For information and to establish nomenclature, pig-
name in letters no less than the next type size smaller than the
ments in Lightfastness III, IV, and V categories are given in
proprietary or optional name; or if more than one pigment is
Table X1.1 in Appendix X1. However, such pigments are not to
used, then 5.1.7 covering mixed pigments, can be followed.
be used in paint conforming to this specification.
5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’ paints containing more than
5.4 Toxicity—All products and labeling must conform to the
one pigment comply with this specification if all colored
Federal Hazardous Substances Act and to Practice D 4236.
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
5.5 Statement of Conformance—“Conforms to ASTM
list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all
Specification D 5098,” or “Conforms to ASTM D5098,” or
other test requirements in this specification. The Common
“Conforms to the quality requirements of ASTM D5098.” This
Names for the pigments in the mixture, or the word “Mixture,”
statement may be combined with other conformance state-
must appear under the title in letters no less than the next type
ments, such as, “Conforms to the quality and health require-
size smaller than the title. For example:
ments of ASTM Specification D 5098 and Practice D 4236.”
PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT
5.6 Address—Include on the label (1) the name and address
(Cadmium Yellow Light, (Mixture)
Phthalocyanine Blue)
of the manufacturer or importer and (2) the country of
manufacture.
If the word “Mixture” is used under the title, the Common
Names of the pigments in the mixture, as given in Table 1,
6. Quality Assurance for Artists’ Acrylic Emulsion Paints
must be listed along with their Colour Index Names and the
Lightfastness Category of the mixture somewhere on the label. 6.1 Conditions not Covered in This Specification that Affect
The lightfastness category shall be that of the least lightfast the Quality of Artists’ Acrylic Emulsion Paints :
pigment. This lightfastness category may be changed if the 6.1.1 Substrate—Factors such as the texture, gloss, effective
mixture is tested for lightfastness in accordance with Test pH, porosity, chemical composition, and condition of the
Methods D 4303 and results indicating a different category are substrate will affect gloss, gloss uniformity, drying time,
submitted to ASTM Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation. adhesion, and the flexibility of the dried film.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5098
6.1.2 Environmental Conditions—Factors such as tempera- 7.4.1 of this standard. Apply the overstripe in one application
ture, humidity, air flow, and light conditions affect application as a drawdown at an angle perpendicular to that of the paint
properties, film formation, drying time, and adhesion. being tested. Extend this second paint layer off the first film
and over the region where black and white meet on the chart,
6.1.3 Storage—Factors such as aging, and high and low
in order to determine if the thickness is great enough to achieve
temperatures may cause changes in consistency.
opacity as determined by 7.6 of Practice D 4941 (see Note 2).
6.2 Vehicles—Only acrylic polymer emulsions or acrylic
If opacity is insufficient, increase the thickness of the overstrip
copolymer emulsions may be used (see Note 1).
layer. The extent of color migration shall be no greater than
6.3 Pigments—The pigments shall be limited to those rec-
moderate, as determined by the procedure in 4.3 of Test
ommended for use in acrylic emulsion paints in the list of
Methods D 279.
suitable pigments in Table 1. Their lightfastness rating shall be
the numeral given in the same row.
NOTE 2—Depending on the particular white paint used, a 10-mil
6.4 Additives—Surfactants, preservatives, defoamers, gly-
(250-μm) application may be sufficient. The 6- and 10-mil multiple
cols, solvents, and thickeners may be used to achieve aging clearance applicator, has been found suitable. If the 10-mil clearance
provides insufficient opacity, an adjustable clearance film casting knife
stability, to control foaming, to ensure freeze-thaw stability and
0-250 mils (0-6250 μm) will allow controlled increases in film thickness.
film coalescence, and to obtain a desired consistency.
6.5 Inerts—Inerts shall be included only to adjust product
7. Lightfastness Determination
gloss or sheen, or to produce desirable working qualities.
7.1 If a pigment is not listed in Table 1, test specimens of a
6.6 Preparation of Sample—Empty the contents of a previ-
paint containing the pigment shall be prepared. These test
ously unopened container onto a glass slab and mix thoroughly
specimens shall be tested in conformance with the require-
with a spatula to a homogeneous sample.
ments for exposure and evaluation given in Test Methods
6.7 Coarse Particles—Paints shall be free of oversize par-
D 4303.
ticles and shall form a uniform film. The maximum content of
coarse particles shall be 1 weight % as determined by Test NOTE 3—A report of the results of these tests may be submitted to
ASTM Subcommittee D01.57 for inclusion of the pigments in Table 1.
Methods D 185.
The report shall include information on test conditions, instruments used,
6.8 Fineness of Dispersion—Determine the fineness of
and be accompanied by the test specimens, which will be returned.
dispersion by Test Method D 1210. For paste paint: on a glass
7.2 Materials:
plate, using a spatula, mix the paint with an equal volume of
7.2.1 Aluminum Exposure Panels, 3 by 6 in. (75 by 150
water until homogeneous. The maximum allowable grind
mm).
reading is 1.5 mils (40 μm).
7.2.2 Posterboard, lightweight, approximately 20 mils (0.5
6.9 Consistency—Paints shall be smooth and creamy. The
mm) thick, having a glossy finish on one side.
paste type of paint shall not flow or level when applied with a
7.2.3 Titanium Dioxide Acrylic Emulsion Paint.
palette knife.
7.2.4 Spray Apparatus, for applying ground coats.
6.10 Freeze-Tha
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