ASTM D5000-89(1995)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream Sensor
Standard Practice for Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream Sensor
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a field procedure to determine whether the useful life of the clay has been exceeded in canister or bag-type clay elements that are installed in ground filtration units of aviation fuel handling systems.
1.2 The field procedure utilizes the apparatus of Test Methods D3948 to periodically test a small clay capsule installed in a sidestream around a clay treatment vessel that receives a fixed ratio of the same fuel that flows through the clay elements in the vessel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 5000 – 89 (Reapproved 1995) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream
Sensor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 15 was added editorially in June 1995.
INTRODUCTION
Calcined clay is a widely used adsorptive medium for removing polar contaminants and additives
from petroleum fluids. In refineries, clay is installed in large bed-type vessels to refine products such
as lubricants or aviation turbine fuel. In the field, clay is usually used in canister or bag type elements
installed as a bank of elements in a vessel to remove traces of contaminants, particularly from
non-additive jet fuel immediately before delivery to an airport.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice describes a field procedure to determine 3.1 Definitions:
whether the useful life of the clay has been exceeded in canister 3.1.1 surfactants—surface active molecular species that
or bag-type clay elements that are installed in ground filtration exhibit both water soluble and oil soluble properties, and affect
units of aviation fuel handling systems. the physical behavior at the interface between water and oil
1.2 The field procedure utilizes the apparatus of Test Meth- phases by forming emulsions or changing the wetting charac-
ods D 3948 to periodically test a small clay capsule installed in teristics of solid surfaces exposed to water and oil.
a sidestream around a clay treatment vessel that receives a 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fixed ratio of the same fuel that flows through the clay elements 3.2.1 active limit—the Micro-Separometer (MSEP) rating
in the vessel. by Test Methods D 3948 of the effluent from a clay monitor
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as that represents low surfactant content and therefore continued
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa- activity of the clay for absorption.
tion only. 3.2.2 clay—a naturally occurring mineral, largely hydrous
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the aluminum silicate, calcined at high temperature to remove
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the water and volatile matter, used in granular form as an adsorp-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tive media for removing polar compounds that are present in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- many hydrocarbon fluids.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2.3 clay treatment—a process for exposing fuels and
blending components at ambient temperatures to granulated
2. Referenced Documents
calcined clay in order to remove polar impurities such as
2.1 ASTM Standards: surfactants.
D 2550 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of
3.2.4 deactivation of clay media—results when adsorptive
Aviation Turbine Fuels surfaces are no longer capable of adsorbing polar species and
D 3602 Test Method for Water-Separation Characteristics
improving the quality of the feed stream.
of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Field Test) 3.2.5 deactive limit—the MSEP rating by Test Methods
D 3948 Test Methods for Determining Water Separation
D 3948 of the effluent from a clay monitor that represents high
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable
surfactant content and therefore the deactivation of the clay for
Separometer adsorption.
3.2.6 sidestream—flow system that parallels the main flow
stream into and out of a unit, such as a vessel, holding filter
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
elements but usually operating at a lower flow rate.
Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0-
10on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1989. Published December 1989.
Discontinued, See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5000
4. Summary of Practice 5.3 To avoid such failures, a small sample of clay in a clay
holder contained in a sidestream installation that receives flow
4.1 A sample of the clay from the element installed in a
proportional to the main stream flow is evaluated periodically
ground clay treatment vessel is placed into a clay holder that is
using a reference fuel containing a known surfactant. When the
then mounted in a sidestream cabinet that receives main fuel
rating of the reference fuel by Test Methods D 3948 indicates
flow through an inlet probe at a rate proportional to main line
that the capsule clay is becoming spent, the elements in the
flow. After preconditioning to ensure that flow is not bypassing
main filter vessel are ready for change.
the holder, it is placed on-stream to monitor the clay elements
in the main vessel.
6. Apparatus
4.2 At intervals of two to eight weeks depending on
6.1 Sidestream Sensor, consisting of the following compo-
surfactant levels experienced in the system, the clay holder is
nents as illustrated in Fig. 2:
removed and tested twice in the Mark V deluxe or two-speed 4
6.1.1 Inlet Probe, metal line and valve to the cabinet,
Micro-separometer with reference fuel containing a specified
6.1.2 Metal Line and Valve, from the cabinet,
surfactant additive. The rating of the reference fuel from the 4
6.1.3 Cabinet, Flow Meter, accurate to 6 5%,
clay holder by Test Methods D 3948 determines whether the
6.1.4 Clay Holder and Air Bleed, contained in the sensor
clay is deactivated or still capable of adsorbing surfactants. In 5
cabinet, and
the latter case, the clay holder is returned to the sidestream
6.1.5 Clay Cone Insert, (test capsule).
cabinet and monitoring continues. 3
6.2 Micro-Separometer, Mark V deluxe or two-speed.
4.3 If the rating suggests that clay is spent, the elements are
6.3 Clay Holder Bracket, and tubing assembly.
changed and a fresh clay holder is installed. A plot or record of
NOTE 1—The sensor cabinet and probes are installed across the inlet
successive periodic tests is desirable to anticipate changes of
and effluent of the clay treating vessel being monitored. The inlet probe
clay elements or to increase testing frequency. (Fig. 1 is a
may consist of a short 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) diameter tube that protrudes into the
schematic of a sidestream sensor installation around a clay
moving stream of fluid.
treating vessel).
7. Reagents and Materials
5. Significance and Use
7.1 Reference Fluid Base, is fuel from the fuel supply
5.1 Clay elements are widely used in aviation fuel handling
system under evaluation. In the event the fuel contains addi-
systems to adsorb polar contaminants that are picked up in
tives or has a WSIM less than 96 the fuel should be clay treated
shipments by tanker, barge, or pipeline from refineries to
as described in Test Methods D 3948.
terminals, airports, or both. Some of these contaminants such
7.2 Dispersing Agent, is a toluene solution containing 1 mg
as surfactants interfere with efficient operation of filter-
of solid (100 % dry) bis 2 ethyl hexyl sodium sulfosuccinate
separator units that remove water from fuel.
per mL of toluene.
5.2 In order to determine whether the clay elements are
7.3 Reference Fuel—consists of dispersing agent in refer-
spent, it is necessary to test fuel both into and out of clay
ence fluid base. To produce a MSEP rating by Test Methods
treatment vessels frequently. Clay elements must be changed
D 3948 of 40 to 60 about 1 mL/L of dispersing agent is
when no improvement in quality is noted. Unless carried out
required in the base.
frequently, such testing may not disclose a deactivated clay
Available from Gammon Technical Products, 235 Parker Avenue, Manasquan,
treatment vessel in time to prevent failure of downstream
NJ 08736.
filter/separators.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
The Mark V delux or two-speed Micro-Separometer is available from EMCEE
Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34292.
FIG. 1 Schematic of Clay Sidestream Sensor Installation FIG. 2 Clay Side-Stream Sensor
D 5000
8. Preparation of Clay Holder
8.1 Clay to fill the clay holder is obtained from a new clay
element (canister or bag type) at the time all elements in a clay
treatment vessel are changed. About 100 mL of clay should be
placed in a clean jar. The cover of the jar should be screwed on
tightly. A portion of resin treated filter paper from the center
tube of the element or media migration barrier of the bag type
element should also be removed and saved.
8.2 Insert components in the clay holder in the following
order as illustrated in Fig. 3:
8.2.1 Gasket—(An additional gasket, as shown, may be
added to ensure a leak-tight fit. The gasket hole should be of
approximately the same size as the bottom of the cone.)
8.2.2 Filter paper, or media migration barrier from the clay
element.
8.2.3 Cone Spacer—Insert cone spacer into holder (large
end on top) and pour clay into cavity, (See Fig. 4). Tap holder
NOTE 1—Insert cone spacer, (large end of cone on top). Pour clay into
to settle clay. Alternately add make-up clay and tap until clay
cavity. Repeatedly, tap holder and add clay until level with top of cone.
does not settle below the top of cone section. Place section of
...
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